Nei tichifanira kuziva musimboti wemalaser?
Kuziva mutsauko pakati peakajairwa semiconductor lasers, fibers, discs, uyeYAG laserinogonawo kubatsira kuwana kunzwisisa kuri nani uye kuita hurukuro dzakawanda panguva yekusarudza.
Chinyorwa chinonyanya kutarisana nesainzi yakakurumbira: sumo pfupi kune musimboti wechizvarwa chelaser, chimiro chikuru chemalaser, uye akati wandei marudzi akajairika ema lasers.
Chekutanga, musimboti laser chizvarwa
Laser inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekudyidzana pakati pechiedza uye nyaya, inozivikanwa seyakakurudzira mwaranzi amplification; Kunzwisisa kusimudzirwa kwemwaranzi kunoda kunzwisisa pfungwa dzaEinstein dzekungoerekana dzabuda, kunyudzwa kunyudzwa, uye nemwaranzi inosimudzira, pamwe chete nedzimwe nheyo dzinodikanwa dzedzidziso.
Theoretical Basis 1: Bohr Model
Iyo Bohr modhi inonyanya kupa chimiro chemukati chemaatomu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa kuti lasers anoitika sei. Atomu inoumbwa nenyukiresi uye maerekitironi kunze kwemukati, uye orbitals yemaerekitironi haisi yekupokana. Ma electrons anongova nemamwe orbitals, pakati peiyo orbital yemukati inonzi the ground state; Kana erekitironi iri muvhu, simba rayo ndiro rakaderera. Kana erekitironi ikasvetuka kubva mu orbit, inonzi ndiyo yekutanga mafariro mamiriro, uye simba rekutanga mafaro mamiriro achave akakwirira kupfuura epasi; Imwe orbit inonzi yechipiri excited state;
Chikonzero nei laser inogona kuitika imhaka yekuti maerekitironi anozofamba nenzira dzakasiyana mune iyi modhi. Kana maerekitironi achitora simba, anogona kumhanya kubva pasi pasi kuenda kunzvimbo inofadza; Kana erekitironi ikadzoka kubva kune yakafara nyika kuenda kupasi, inoburitsa simba, iro rinowanzo kuburitswa muchimiro chelaser.
Theoretical Basis 2: Einstein's Stimulated Radiation Theory
Muna 1917, Einstein akakurudzira dzidziso yekusimudzirwa kwemwaranzi, inova hwaro hwekufungidzira hwema lasers uye kugadzirwa kwelaser: kunyura kana kubuda kwenyaya ndiyo mhedzisiro yekudyidzana pakati penzvimbo yeradiation uye zvimedu zvinoumba nyaya, uye musimboti wayo. essence ndiyo shanduko yezvimedu pakati pemazinga akasiyana esimba. Pane maitiro matatu akasiyana mukudyidzana pakati pechiedza nechinhu: kubuda kwega, kukurudzirwa kuburitsa, uye kunyudzwa kunyura. Kune sisitimu ine huwandu hukuru hwezvimedu, maitiro matatu aya anogara aripo uye ane hukama hwepedyo.
Kubuda kwechipo
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo: erekitironi iri padanho repamusoro-simba E2 inongoerekana yachinja kune yakaderera-simba E1 uye inoburitsa photon ine simba rehv, uye hv = E2-E1; Uku kushanduka kwechimbichimbi uye kusina hukama kunonzi kungoerekana kwaitika, uye masaisai echiedza anobudiswa nekungoerekana achinja anonzi mwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika.
Hunhu hwekungoerekana hwabuda: Imwe neimwe photon yakazvimiririra, ine nzira dzakasiyana uye nhanho, uye nguva yekuitika inongoitikawo. Iyo ndeye incoherent uye chaotic mwenje, iyo isiri iyo mwenje inodiwa nelaser. Naizvozvo, iyo laser chizvarwa process inoda kudzikisa rudzi urwu rwechiedza chakarasika. Ichi zvakare chimwe chezvikonzero nei iyo wavelength yeakasiyana lasers ine mwenje wakarasika. Kana ikadzorwa nemazvo, chikamu chekungoerekana chabuda mu laser chinogona kufuratirwa. Iyo yakachena iyo laser, senge 1060 nm, ese ari 1060 nm, Iyi mhando yelaser ine yakagadzikana yekunyudza chiyero uye simba.
Stimulated absorption:
Ma electrons at low energy levels (yakaderera orbitals), mushure mekutora photons, shanduko kune yakakwirira simba mazinga (yakakwirira orbitals), uye iyi nzira inonzi stimulated absorption. Kunyudzwa kunyura kwakakosha uye imwe yemakiyi ekupomba maitiro. Iyo pombi sosi yelaser inopa photon simba kukonzeresa zvimedu mukati mekuwana yepakati neshanduko uye kumirira inokurudzirwa radiation pamazinga esimba akakwira, ichiburitsa laser.
Stimulated radiation:
Kana yakavhenekerwa nechiedza chekunze kwesimba (hv = E2-E1), erekitironi iri padanho repamusoro resimba rinonakidzwa neiyo kunze photon uye inosvetukira kune yakaderera simba level (yakakwirira orbit inomhanya kune yakaderera orbit). Panguva imwecheteyo, inobudisa photon iyo yakanyatsofanana neyekunze photon. Iyi nzira haitore chiedza chepakutanga chekukurudzira, saka pachava nemafotoni maviri akafanana, anogona kunzwisiswa sezvo erekitironi inopfira iyo yaimbova yakanyura photon, Iyi luminescence process inodaidzwa kuti stimulated radiation, inova iyo reverse maitiro ekukurudzira kunyura.
Mushure mekunge dzidziso yacho yajeka, zviri nyore kugadzira laser, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro: pasi pezvakajairwa mamiriro ekugadzikana kwezvinhu, mazhinji maerekitironi ari munzvimbo yepasi, maerekitironi munzvimbo yepasi, uye laser zvinoenderana stimulated radiation. Naizvozvo, chimiro chelaser ndechekubvumira kunyudzwa kunotanga kuitika, kuunza maerekitironi kune yakakwira simba, uyezve kupa manyawi kukonzeresa huwandu hukuru hwesimba repamusoro maerekitironi kuti iite mwaranzi inokurudzirwa, ichiburitsa mafotoni, Kubva pane izvi, laser inogona kugadzirwa. Tevere, isu tinosuma iyo laser chimiro.
Laser chimiro:
Matanidza iyo laser chimiro neiyo laser chizvarwa mamiriro ambotaurwa chimwe nechimwe:
Mamiriro ekuitika uye anoenderana chimiro:
1. Pane kuwana svikiro rinopa amplification mashandiro sezvo laser kushanda svikiro, uye ayo activated zvimedu ane simba pamwero chimiro chakakodzera generation stimulated radiation (kunyanya kukwanisa kupomba maerekitironi kune yakakwirira-simba orbitals uye aripo kwenguva yakati nguva. , uye wozosunungura mafotoni mumhepo imwe chete kuburikidza nemwaranzi inokurudzirwa);
2. Pane chinobuda chekunze chinokonzeresa (pombi chitubu) chinogona kupomba maerekitironi kubva padanho repasi kusvika padanho repamusoro, zvichikonzera kuchinjika kwenhamba yenhamba pakati pemazinga epamusoro nepasi elaser (kureva, kana paine zvidimbu zvine simba guru kupfuura pasi-simba zvidimbu), senge xenon rambi muYAG lasers;
3. Kune resonant mhango inokwanisa kuwana laser oscillation, kuwedzera hurefu hwekushanda kwelaser inoshanda zvinhu, kuvheneka mwenje wave modhi, kudzora nzira yekuparadzira yedanda, nekusarudzika kukwidziridza yakakurudzirwa nemwaranzi frequency kuvandudza monochromaticity (kuve nechokwadi chekuti laser inobudiswa pane imwe simba).
Iyo inoenderana chimiro inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, inova iri nyore chimiro cheYAG laser. Zvimwe zvimiro zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kuoma, asi musimboti ndeuyu. Iyo laser generation process inoratidzwa mumufananidzo:
Laser classification: inowanzo kupatsanurwa nekuwana yepakati kana nelaser simba fomu
Gain medium classification:
Carbon dioxide laser: Iyo yekuwana yepakati yekabhoni dhaidhirosi laser ndeye helium uyeCO2 laser,ine laser wavelength ye10.6um, inova imwe yezvigadzirwa zvelaser kutanga kutangwa. Iyo yekutanga laser welding yainyanya kubva pacarbon dioxide laser, iyo parizvino inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira uye kucheka zvisiri zvesimbi zvinhu (micheka, mapurasitiki, huni, nezvimwewo). Mukuwedzera, inoshandiswawo pamashini e-lithography. Carbon dioxide laser haigoni kupfuudzwa kuburikidza neoptical fibers uye inofamba nenzira dze spatial optical, Iyo yekutanga Tongkuai yakaitwa zvakanaka, uye yakawanda yekucheka michina yakashandiswa;
YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) laser: YAG makristasi akaiswa neodymium (Nd) kana yttrium (Yb) simbi ions anoshandiswa seye laser kuwana yepakati, ine emission wavelength ye1.06um. Iyo YAG laser inogona kuburitsa yakakwirira pulses, asi avhareji simba ishoma, uye simba repamusoro rinogona kusvika kagumi neshanu paavhareji simba. Kana iri kunyanya pulse laser, inoenderera kuburitsa haigone kuwanikwa; Asi inogona kutapurirwa kuburikidza neoptical fibers, uye panguva imwecheteyo, chiyero chekutorwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi chinowedzera, uye chinotanga kushandiswa muzvinhu zvakakwirira zvinoratidzira, zvakatanga kushandiswa mumunda we3C;
Fiber laser: Yazvino mainstream pamusika inoshandisa ytterbium doped fiber senzira yekuwana, ine wavelength ye1060nm. Iyo inoparadzaniswa zvakare kuita fiber uye disc lasers zvichienderana nechimiro chepakati; Fiber optic inomiririra IPG, ukuwo disc inomiririra Tongkuai.
Semiconductor laser: Iyo yepakati yekuwana semiconductor PN junction, uye wavelength ye semiconductor laser inonyanya ku 976nm. Parizvino, semiconductor padhuze-infrared lasers anonyanya kushandiswa kupfekedza, ane mavara akajeka pamusoro pe600um. Laserline inomiririra bhizinesi re semiconductor lasers.
Yakarongedzwa nechimiro chesimba chiito: Pulse laser (PULSE), quasi inoenderera mberi laser (QCW), inoenderera laser (CW)
Pulse laser: nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, iyi yakakwira-frequency pulse laser (ns, pulse wide) inogona kuwana yakakwira peak simba, yakakwirira frequency (MHZ) kugadzirisa, inoshandiswa kugadzira yakaonda mhangura uye aluminium zvinhu zvakasiyana, pamwe nekuchenesa zvakanyanya. . Nekushandisa yakakwira peak simba, inogona kukurumidza kunyungudutsa base zvinhu, ine yakaderera chiitiko nguva uye diki kupisa kunokanganisa nzvimbo. Iyo ine mabhenefiti mukugadzirisa Ultra-yakaonda zvinhu (pazasi 0.5mm);
Quasi inoenderera mberi laser (QCW): Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kudzokorora mwero uye yakaderera basa kutenderera (pasi pe50%), iyo pulse hupamhiQCW laserinosvika 50 us-50 ms, ichizadza mukaha pakati pe kilowatt level inoenderera mberi fiber laser uye Q-switched pulse laser; Iyo peak simba reiyo quasi inoenderera fiber laser inogona kusvika kagumi paavhareji simba pasi pekuenderera modhi kushanda. MaQCW lasers anowanzo aine modhi mbiri, imwe inoramba ichiita welding ine simba rakaderera, uye imwe iri pulsed laser welding ine simba repamusoro rakapetwa kagumi simba repakati, iro rinogona kuwana zvinhu zvakakora uye kuwedzera kupisa welding, ukuwo uchidzora kupisa mukati. shoma shoma kwazvo;
Inoenderera mberi Laser (CW): Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, uye mazhinji emalaser anoonekwa pamusika maCW lasers anoramba achiburitsa laser yewelding process. Fiber lasers yakakamurwa kuita imwe-modhi uye akawanda-modhi lasers zvinoenderana akasiyana epakati madhayamita uye danda hunhu, uye inogona kuchinjirwa kune akasiyana mashandisirwo mamiriro.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-20-2023
