Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare welding tekinoroji,laser weldingine mabhenefiti asingaenzaniswi mukukwenenzvera kurongeka, kunyatsoita, kuvimbika, otomatiki uye zvimwe zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakakurumidza kukura muminda yemotokari, simba, zvemagetsi uye mamwe minda, uye inoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kuvimbisa tekinoroji yekugadzira muzana ramakore re21.
1. Mhedziso yekaviri-dandalaser welding
Kaviri-dandalaser weldingndeye kushandisa nzira dzemaziso kuparadzanisa laser imwechete kuita matanda maviri akaparadzana echiedza chekugadzira, kana kushandisa maviri akasiyana marudzi e lasers kusanganisa, senge CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser uye yakakwirira-simba semiconductor laser. Zvose zvinogona kusanganiswa. Yakarongedzerwa kunyanya kugadzirisa kuchinjika kwelaser welding kune kurongeka kwegungano, kuvandudza kugadzikana kweiyo welding process, nekuvandudza mhando yeweld. Kaviri-dandalaser weldinginogona zviri nyore uye inochinjika kugadzirisa tembiricha yewelding nekuchinja danda resimba reshiyo, danda spacing, uye kunyangwe simba rekugovera patani yeaviri laser matanda, kushandura kuvapo pateni yekiyi uye kuyerera kwesimbi yemvura mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Inopa yakafara sarudzo yewelding maitiro. Haisi chete ine zvakanakira yakakuralaser weldingkupinda, kukurumidza kukurumidza uye kurongeka kwepamusoro, asi kwakakodzerawo zvinhu uye majoini akaoma kubatanidza neakajairwa.laser welding.
Yembiri-dandalaser welding, tinotanga kukurukura nzira dzekushandisa dze double-beam laser. Mabhuku akakwana anoratidza kuti kune nzira mbiri huru dzekuwana mbiri-beam welding: kutapurirana kutarisisa uye kutarisisa kutarisa. Kunyanya, imwe inowanikwa nekugadzirisa kona uye spacing yema lasers maviri kuburikidza nekutarisa magirazi uye collimating magirazi. Imwe yacho inowanikwa nekushandisa laser sosi uye yobva yatarisa kuburikidza neinotaridza magirazi, transmissive magirazi uye wedge-akaumbwa magirazi kuti uwane matanda maviri. Panzira yekutanga, pane kunyanya mafomu matatu. Yekutanga fomu ndeyekubatanidza ma lasers maviri kuburikidza neoptical fibers uye kuapatsanura kuita matanda maviri akasiyana pasi pechionioni chimwechete chinopindirana uye girazi rinotarisa. Chechipiri ndechekuti maviri lasers anoburitsa laser matanda kuburikidza neakasiyana misoro yewelding, uye danda reviri rinoumbwa nekugadzirisa nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemisoro yewelding. Nzira yechitatu ndeyekuti danda relaser rinotanga kupatsanurwa nepakati pemagirazi maviri 1 uye 2, rozotariswa nemagirazi maviri anotarisisa 3 uye 4 zvakateerana. Nzvimbo uye chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakatariswa zvinogona kugadziridzwa nekugadzirisa makona ezvioni zviviri zvinotarisa 3 uye 4. Nzira yechipiri ndeyekushandisa solid-state laser kupatsanura mwenje kuti uwane matanda maviri, uye kugadzirisa kona uye. kupatsanurana negirazi rinoona uye negirazi rinotarisa. Mifananidzo miviri yekupedzisira mumutsetse wekutanga pazasi inoratidza iyo spectroscopic system yeCO2 laser. Girazi rakafuratira rinotsiviwa negirazi rakaita seweji uye roiswa pamberi pegirazi rinotarisa kuti ritsemure mwenje kuti riwane mwenje miviri yakafanana.
Mushure mekunzwisisa kushandiswa kwematanda maviri, ngatitaurirei muchidimbu mitemo ye welding uye nzira. Mune mbiri-dandalaser weldingmaitiro, kune matatu akajairwa danda gadziriro, anoti serial kurongeka, parallel kurongeka uye hybrid kuronga. jira, kureva kuti, pane chinhambwe mune zvese zviri zviviri nzira yewelding uye welding yakamira yakatwasuka. Sezvinoratidzwa mumutsara wekupedzisira wemufananidzo, maererano nemhando dzakasiyana dzemakomba madiki nemadziva akanyungudutswa anoonekwa pasi penzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana panguva ye serial welding process, anogona kupatsanurwa zvakare kuita imwechete inonyungudika. Kune matatu anoti: dziva, zvakajairika dziva rakanyungudutswa uye rakapatsanurwa dziva rakanyungudutswa. Hunhu hwe dziva rimwechete rakanyungudutswa uye rakapatsanurwa dziva rakanyungudutswa rakafanana nereimwe chetelaser welding, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo wekufananidza nhamba. Kune akasiyana maitiro maitiro emhando dzakasiyana.
Rudzi rwekutanga: Pasi peimwe nzvimbo yekupatsanurana, maburi maviri emakiyi anoumba buri hombe rinowanzozivikanwa mudziva rimwe chete rakanyungudutswa; nokuda kworudzi rwe1, zvinoshumwa kuti rimwe danda rechiedza rinoshandiswa kugadzira gomba duku, uye rimwe danda rechiedza rinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kupisa kupisa, izvo zvinogona Zvinobudirira kuvandudza maumbirwo emhando yepamusoro kabhoni simbi uye alloy simbi.
Rudzi rwechipiri: Wedzera nzvimbo yepakati mudziva rimwe chete rakanyungudutswa, patsanura matanda maviri kuita maburi maviri akazvimirira, uye shandura mafambiro edziva rakanyungudutswa; yerudzi rwechipiri, basa rayo rakaenzana nesimbi mbiri maerekitironi danda, Inoderedza weld spatter uye isina kujairika welds paakakodzera focal urefu.
Type 3: Uyezve wedzera nzvimbo yepakati uye shandura chiyero chesimba chematanda maviri, kuitira kuti imwe yematanda maviri ishandiswe sechinhu chekupisa kuita pre-welding kana post-welding processing panguva yewelding process, uye rimwe danda. inoshandiswa kugadzira maburi madiki. Kurudzi rwechitatu, chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti matanda maviri anoumba gomba rekiyi, gomba duku haisi nyore kudonha, uye weld haisi nyore kugadzira pores.
2. Mhedzisiro yewelding process pane welding quality
Mhedzisiro ye serial beam-energy ratio pane welding seam kuumbwa
Kana simba relaser riri 2kW, kumhanya kwewelding iri 45 mm/s, defocus yakawandisa iri 0mm, uye nzvimbo yedanda iri 3 mm, weld surface shape kana ichichinja RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) yakaita se inoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kana RS = 0.50 uye 2.00, weld inodonhedzwa kusvika pamwero mukuru, uye kune yakawanda spatter pamucheto we weld, pasina kuumba yenguva dzose hove zviyero. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kana danda resimba reshiyo rakanyanya kudiki kana rakakura, iro laser simba rakanyanya kunyura, zvichiita kuti laser pinhole iwedzere zvakanyanya panguva yewelding, uye kudzoreredzwa kwemhepo kunokonzeresa ejection uye kupwanya kweyakanyungudutswa. dziva resimbi mudziva rakaumbwa; Kupisa kwakanyanyisa kupinza kunoita kuti kudzika kwedziva rakanyungudutswa padivi realuminium alloy kuve rakakura zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kuora mwoyo pasi pechiito chegiravhiti. Kana RS = 0.67 uye 1.50, hove sikero patani pamusoro weld pamusoro yunifomu, weld chimiro chakanyanya kunaka, uye hapana anooneka welding anopisa makatsemuka, pores uye zvimwe welding kuremara pamusoro weld pamusoro. Iwo muchinjiko-chikamu maumbirwo emaweld ane akasiyana danda simba reshiyo RS sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Iyo muchinjiko-chikamu chewelds iri mune yakajairwa "waini yegirazi chimiro", zvichiratidza kuti iyo welding process inoitwa mune laser yakadzika penetration welding mode. RS ine pesvedzero yakakosha pakudzika kwekupinda P2 ye weld padivi realuminium alloy. Kana iyo beam simba reshiyo RS = 0.5, P2 iri 1203.2 microns. Kana iyo danda simba reshiyo iri RS = 0.67 uye 1.5, P2 inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, ayo ari 403.3 microns uye 93.6 microns zvichiteerana. Kana iyo beam simba reshiyo iri RS = 2, iyo weld yekupinda kudzika kweiyo joint cross chikamu i1151.6 microns.
Mhedzisiro yeparallel beam-energy ratio pane welding seam kuumbwa
Kana iyo laser simba iri 2.8kW, iyo welding yekumhanyisa iri 33mm/s, defocus huwandu i0mm, uye danda spacing iri 1mm, weld surface inowanikwa nekushandura danda resimba reshiyo (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5) , 2, 4) Chitarisiko chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kana RS=2, chiyero chehove pamusoro peiyo weld haina kurongeka. Pamusoro peiyo weld yakawanikwa nemamwe mashanu akasiyana danda simba reshiyo yakaumbwa zvakanaka, uye hapana hurema hunooneka senge pores uye spatter. Naizvozvo, zvichienzaniswa ne serial dual-beamlaser welding, iyo weld surface inoshandisa parallel dual-beams inowedzera yunifomu uye yakanaka. Kana RS = 0.25, pane kuderera kudiki mu weld; sezvo chiyero chesimba chesimbi chinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma (RS = 0.5, 0.67 uye 1.5), pamusoro peiyo weld inofanana uye hapana kuora mwoyo kunoumbwa; zvisinei, kana danda resimba reshiyo rinowedzera kuwedzera (RS = 1.50, 2.00), asi pane kuora mwoyo pamusoro peiyo weld. Kana iyo beam simba reshiyo RS = 0.25, 1.5 uye 2, muchinjiko-chikamu chimiro che weld "waini-yakaita segirazi"; apo RS = 0.50, 0.67 uye 1, muchinjika-chikamu chimiro che weld "funnel-shaped". Kana RS = 4, kwete chete kutsemuka kunogadzirwa pazasi pe weld, asiwo mamwe ma pores anogadzirwa nepakati uye nechepasi chikamu che weld. Kana RS=2, hombe process pores inoonekwa mukati meweld, asi hapana makatsemuka anooneka. Kana RS = 0.5, 0.67 uye 1.5, kudzika kwekupinda P2 ye weld padivi realuminium alloy idiki, uye chikamu chemuchinjiko cheweld chakaumbwa zvakanaka uye hapana chakajeka chekuremara chinoumbwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti danda resimba reshiyo panguva yeparallel dual-beam laser welding zvakare ine yakakosha kukanganisa kupinza weld uye kukanganisa kwewelding.
Parallel danda - mhedzisiro yedanda spacing pane welding seam kuumbwa
Kana iyo laser simba iri 2.8kW, iyo welding yekumhanyisa iri 33mm/s, iyo defocus huwandu i0mm, uye danda simba reshiyo RS = 0.67, shandura nzvimbo yedanda (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kuwana. iyo weld surface morphology sezvinoratidzwa nemufananidzo. Kana d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, pamusoro peiyo weld yakatsetseka uye yakatsetseka, uye chimiro chakanaka; chimiro chehove yehove ye weld inogara uye yakanaka, uye hapana maburi anooneka, kuputika uye kumwe kukanganisa. Nokudaro, pasi pemamiriro mana ekuparadzanisa matanda, weld surface inoumbwa zvakanaka. Uye zvakare, kana d = 2 mm, maviri akasiyana welds anoumbwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti maviri anoenderana laser matanda haachaite padziva rakanyungudutswa, uye haakwanise kuumba inoshanda mbiri-beam laser hybrid welding. Kana danda spacing iri 0.5mm, weld iri "funnel-shaped", kudzika kwekupinda P2 ye weld padivi realuminium alloy i712.9 microns, uye hapana kuputika, pores uye kumwe kukanganisa mukati meweld. Sezvo nzvimbo yedanda ichiramba ichiwedzera, kudzika kwekupinda P2 kweiyo weld padivi realuminium alloy kunoderera zvakanyanya. Kana danda spacing iri 1 mm, kudzika kwekupinda kweweld padivi realuminium alloy ingori 94.2 microns. Sezvo nzvimbo yedanda ichiwedzera kuwedzera, iyo weld haigadziri kupinza kunoshanda padivi realuminium alloy. Naizvozvo, kana danda spacing iri 0.5mm, kaviri-beam recombination mhedzisiro ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka. Sezvo nzvimbo yedanda ichiwedzera, iyo welding yekupisa yekuisa inoderera zvakanyanya, uye maviri-beam laser recombination maitiro zvishoma nezvishoma anowedzera.
Musiyano we weld morphology unokonzerwa nekuyerera kwakasiyana uye kutonhora kusimba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yewelding process. Nzira yekuenzanisa nhamba haigoni kungoita kuti kuongororwa kwekunetseka kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kuwedzere kunzwisisika, asiwo kuderedza mari yekuedza. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza shanduko mudivi melt pool ine danda rimwe chete, marongero akasiyana uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Mhedziso huru dzinosanganisira: (1) Panguva yedanda rimwe chetelaser weldingnzira, kudzika kwegomba redziva rakanyungudutswa ndiro rakadzika, pane chiitiko chekuputsika kwegomba, rusvingo rwegomba haruna kurongeka, uye kuyerera kwemunda kugovera pedyo nemadziro egomba hakuna kuenzana; pedyo necheshure kwedziva rakanyungudutswa Kuyerera kwakasimba, uye kune kuyerera kunokwira kumusoro pasi pedziva rakanyungudutswa; kuyerera kwemunda kugoverwa kwepamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa rinenge rakafanana uye rinononoka, uye upamhi hwedziva rakanyungudutswa hauna kuenzana pamwe negwara rakadzika. Pane mhirizhonga inokonzerwa nekudzvanywa kwemadziro mudziva rakanyungudutswa pakati pemakomba madiki ari maviri-danda.laser welding, uye inogara iripo pamwe nekudzika kwegwara remakomba madiki. Sezvo chinhambwe chiri pakati pematanda maviri chichiramba chichiwedzera, kuwanda kwesimba kwedanda zvishoma nezvishoma kunoshanduka kubva panhongonya imwe kuenda kune yakapetwa kaviri. Pane hushoma hunokosha pakati pezvikwiriso zviviri, uye kuwanda kwesimba kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. (2) Yembiri-dandalaser welding, kana nzvimbo yepakati iri 0-0.5mm, kudzika kwedziva rakanyungudutswa makomba madiki anodzikira zvishoma, uye maitiro ese akanyunguduka ekuyerera anofanana neayo edanda rimwe chete.laser welding; kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo iri pamusoro pe1mm, maburi madiki akapatsanurwa zvachose, uye panguva yewelding process Pane kanenge pasina kupindirana pakati pema lasers maviri, ayo akaenzana maviri akateedzana / maviri akaenzana single-beam laser weldings ane simba re1750W. Iko kunenge kusisina preheating maitiro, uye yakanyungudutswa dziva kuyerera maitiro akafanana neayo single-beam laser welding. (3) Kana nzvimbo yepakati iri 0.5-1mm, madziro emadziro emakomba madiki ari flatter muhurongwa huviri, kudzika kwemaburi madiki kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pasi zvishoma nezvishoma kupatsanurwa. Iko kukanganisa pakati pemakomba madiki uye kuyerera kwepamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa iri pa 0.8mm. Yakasimba. Kune serial welding, kureba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, hupamhi ndihwo hukuru kana nzvimbo yepakati iri 0.8mm, uye preheating mhedzisiro inobuda pachena kana nzvimbo yepakati iri 0.8mm. Mhedzisiro yesimba reMarangoni inopera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mvura zhinji yesimbi inoyerera ichienda kumativi ese edziva rakanyungudutswa. Ita kuti kunyunguduka kwehupamhi kugovera kune yunifomu. Nekushongedza kwakafanana, hupamhi hwedziva rakanyungudutswa hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kureba kwacho kunokwana pa 0.8mm, asi hapana preheating effect; iyo inoyerera pedyo nepamusoro inokonzerwa nechisimba cheMarangoni inogara iripo, uye kuderera kunoyerera pasi pegomba duku kunopera zvishoma nezvishoma; iyo cross-sectional flow field haina kunaka seIyo yakasimba munhevedzano, mhirizhonga haigoni kukanganisa kuyerera kumativi ose edziva rakanyungudutswa, uye hupamhi hwakanyungudutswa hunogoverwa zvisina kuenzana.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-12-2023
