Zvichienzaniswa netekinoroji yechinyakare yekuwedera,welding nelaserine mabhenefiti asina kumboonekwa mukugadzirisa simbi, kushanda zvakanaka, kuvimbika, otomatiki nezvimwe zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakabudirira zvikuru muminda yemotokari, simba, zvemagetsi nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye inoonekwa seimwe yetekinoroji dzekugadzira dzinovimbisa zvikuru muzana remakore rechi21.
1. Pfupiso ye double-beamwelding nelaser
Matanda maviriwelding nelaserkushandisa nzira dze optical kupatsanura laser imwe chete kuita mwenje miviri yakasiyana ye welding, kana kushandisa mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dze lasers kusanganisa, dzakadai se CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser uye high-power semiconductor laser. Zvese zvinogona kusanganiswa. Zvakakurudzirwa zvikuru kugadzirisa kuchinjika kwe laser welding ne assembly accuracy, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe welding process, uye kuvandudza mhando ye weld. Double-beamwelding nelaserInogona kugadzirisa tembiricha yekuwelda zviri nyore uye zvinochinjika nekuchinja chiyero chesimba remuti, nzvimbo yemuti, uye kunyange patani yekugovera simba yematanda maviri elaser, ichichinja patani yekuvapo kwegomba rekiyi uye patani yekuyerera kwesimbi yemvura mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Inopa sarudzo yakakura yemaitiro ekuwelda. Haingori chete nemabhenefiti ehukuru hukuruwelding nelaserkupinda mukati, kumhanya nekukurumidza uye kunyatsoita zvinhu nemajoini akaoma kusanganisa nemaitiro ekarewelding nelaser.
Yemadziro maviriwelding nelaser, tinotanga takurukura nzira dzekushandisa laser ine zvidimbu zviviri. Mabhuku akazara anoratidza kuti kune nzira mbiri huru dzekuwana welding ine zvidimbu zviviri: transmission focusing uye reflection focusing. Kunyanya, imwe inowanikwa nekugadzirisa angle uye spacing yema laser maviri kuburikidza nemagirazi anotarisa uye magirazi ecollimating. Imwe inowanikwa nekushandisa laser source uye wozotarisa kuburikidza nemagirazi anoratidzira, magirazi anotenderera uye magirazi akaita sewedge kuti uwane zvidimbu zviviri. Panzira yekutanga, pane mafomu matatu. Fomu rekutanga nderekubatanidza ma laser maviri kuburikidza ne optical fibers uye kuapatsanura kuita zvidimbu zviviri zvakasiyana pasi pegirazi rimwe chete recollimating negirazi re focusing. Yechipiri ndeyekuti ma laser maviri anoburitsa zvidimbu zve laser kuburikidza nemisoro yavo ye welding, uye zvidimbu zviviri zvinoumbwa nekugadzirisa nzvimbo yemisoro ye welding. Nzira yechitatu ndeyekuti danda re laser rinotanga rapatsanurwa kuburikidza nemagirazi maviri 1 ne2, uye rozotarisa nemagirazi maviri anotarisa 3 ne4 zvichiteerana. Nzvimbo uye daro riri pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzinoona chiedza zvinogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa makona emagirazi maviri anoona chiedza 3 ne4. Nzira yechipiri ndeyekushandisa solid-state laser kupatsanura chiedza kuti uwane matanda maviri, uye kugadzirisa kona nenzvimbo kuburikidza negirazi rinoona chiedza uye girazi rinoona chiedza. Mifananidzo miviri yekupedzisira iri mumutsara wekutanga pazasi inoratidza system ye spectroscopic ye CO2 laser. Girazi rakati sandara rinotsiviwa negirazi rakaita se wedge uye rinoiswa pamberi pegirazi rinoona chiedza kuti ripatsanure chiedza kuti riwane mwenje wakafanana we dual beam.
Mushure mekunzwisisa kushandiswa kwematanda maviri, ngatitaurei muchidimbu misimboti nenzira dzekusonta. Mumatanda maviriwelding nelaserMaitiro acho, kune marongero matatu akafanana ematanda, anoti kurongeka kweseriya, kurongeka kwakafanana uye kurongeka kwehybrid. jira, kureva kuti, pane daro riri munzira yekuwelda uye nzira yekuwelda yakatwasuka. Sezvakaratidzwa mumutsara wekupedzisira wemufananidzo, zvichienderana nemaumbirwo akasiyana emaburi madiki nemadziva akanyungudutswa anoonekwa pasi penzvimbo dzakasiyana panguva yekuwelda kweseriya, anogona kukamurwa kuita ma single melts. Kune mamiriro matatu: dziva, dziva rakanyungudutswa rakajairika uye dziva rakanyungudutswa rakaparadzaniswa. Hunhu hwedziva rakanyungudutswa rimwe chete nedziva rakanyungudutswa rakaparadzaniswa hwakafanana nehwedziva rimwe chetewelding nelaser, sezvakaratidzwa mudhayagiramu yekufananidzira kwenhamba. Kune mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzemaitiro emhando dzakasiyana.
Rudzi 1: Pasi penzvimbo yakati sandara, maburi maviri ekiyi anoumba gomba guru rekiyi mudziva rimwe chete rakanyungudutswa; kune rudzi 1, zvinonzi danda rimwe rechiedza rinoshandiswa kugadzira gomba diki, uye rimwe danda rechiedza rinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kupisa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvinobudirira hunhu hwesimbi ine kabhoni yakawanda uye simbi ye alloy.
Rudzi rwechipiri: Wedzera nzvimbo yenzvimbo mudziva rimwe chete rakanyungudutswa, paradzanisa matanda maviri kuita maburi maviri akazvimirira, uye chinja maitiro ekuyerera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa; kune rudzi rwechipiri, basa rayo rakaenzana nekubatanidza maerekitironi maviri, Inoderedza kupwanya kweweld uye kupwanya kusina kurongeka pahurefu hwakakodzera hwefocal.
Rudzi rwechitatu: Wedzera nzvimbo yenzvimbo uye chinja chiyero chesimba rematanda maviri, kuitira kuti rimwe rematanda maviri rishandiswe senzvimbo yekupisa kuita pre-welding kana post-welding processing panguva yekusanganisa, uye rimwe danda rinoshandiswa kugadzira maburi madiki. Kune rudzi rwechitatu, chidzidzo chakawana kuti matanda maviri aya anoumba gomba rekiyi, gomba diki harisi nyore kuputsika, uye weld haisi nyore kugadzira maburi.
2. Simba rekuita welding pamhando yekuwelding
Mhedzisiro yechiyero chesimba resimbi pakugadzirwa kwemusono wekushongedza
Kana simba relaser riri 2kW, kumhanya kwewelding kuri 45 mm/s, huwandu hwe defocus huri 0mm, uye nzvimbo ye beam iri 3 mm, chimiro che weld pamusoro pe weld pakuchinja RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) chakafanana nezviri kuratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kana RS=0.50 na 2.00, weld inobonderana zvakanyanya, uye panenge paine ma spatter akawanda pamucheto we weld, pasina kugadzira mapatani akajairwa ehove. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kana beam energy ratio iri diki kana kuti yakakura zvakanyanya, laser energy inenge yakawandisa, zvichiita kuti laser pinhole itenderere zvakanyanya panguva ye welding, uye kumanikidzwa kwe recoil kwe steam kunokonzera kubuda uye kupwanyika kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mudziva rakanyungudutswa; Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti kudzika kwekupinda kwedziva rakanyungudutswa padivi re aluminum alloy kuve kwakakura zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kudzikira pasi pesimba regiravhiti. Kana RS=0.67 na 1.50, patani yehove iri pamusoro pe weld yakafanana, chimiro che weld chinoyevedza, uye hapana mitswe inooneka ye welding, maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso zve welding pamusoro pe weld. Maumbirwo e cross-section e welds ane ma beam energy ratios akasiyana RS ari sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Cross-section ye welds iri mu "wine glass shape" yakajairika, zvichiratidza kuti maitiro e welding anoitwa mu laser deep penetration welding mode. RS ine pesvedzero yakakosha pa penetration depth P2 ye weld parutivi rwe aluminum alloy. Kana beam energy ratio RS=0.5, P2 i1203.2 microns. Kana beam energy ratio iri RS=0.67 na 1.5, P2 inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, iyo iri 403.3 microns uye 93.6 microns zvichiteerana. Kana beam energy ratio iri RS=2, weld penetration depth ye joint cross section i1151.6 microns.
Mhedzisiro yechiyero chesimba remwenje pakugadzirwa kwemusono wekusonwa
Kana simba relaser riri 2.8kW, kumhanya kwewelding kuri 33mm/s, huwandu hwe defocus huri 0mm, uye nzvimbo ye beam iri 1mm, pamusoro pe weld inowanikwa nekushandura chiyero che beam energy (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5, 2, 4). Chitarisiko chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kana RS=2, patani yehove pamusoro pe weld haina kurongeka. Pamusoro pe weld inowanikwa nemamwe mashanu akasiyana e beam energy ratios yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, uye hapana zvikanganiso zvinooneka zvakaita se pores ne spatter. Saka, kana tichienzanisa ne serial dual-beamwelding nelaser, pamusoro pe weld uchishandisa parallel dual-beams wakafanana uye wakanaka. Kana RS=0.25, pane kudzika zvishoma mu weld; sezvo beam energy ratio ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma (RS=0.5, 0.67 na 1.5), pamusoro pe weld yakafanana uye hapana kudzika kunoumbwa; zvisinei, kana beam energy ratio ichiwedzera (RS=1.50, 2.00), asi pane kudzika pamusoro pe weld. Kana beam energy ratio RS=0.25, 1.5 na 2, chimiro che cross-sectional che weld "chakaita segirazi rewaini"; kana RS=0.50, 0.67 na 1, chimiro che cross-section che weld "chakaita sefunnel". Kana RS=4, kwete chete kutsemuka kunogadzirwa pasi pe weld, asiwo mamwe ma pores anogadzirwa pakati nepazasi pe weld. Kana RS=2, ma process pores makuru anoonekwa mukati me weld, asi hapana kutsemuka kunoonekwa. Kana RS = 0.5, 0.67 uye 1.5, kudzika kwekupinda kweP2 kweweld parutivi rwealuminium alloy kudiki, uye chikamu cheweld chakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye hapana zvikanganiso zvakajeka zvewelding zvinoumbwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chiyero chesimba remwenje panguva yekuwachisa laser ine parallel dual-beam chinewo simba rakakosha pakupinda kweweld uye zvikanganiso zvewelding.
Danda rakafanana - mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yedanda pakuumbwa kwemusono wekusonwa
Kana simba relaser riri 2.8kW, kumhanya kwewelding kuri 33mm/s, huwandu hwe defocus huri 0mm, uye chiyero chesimba re beam RS=0.67, chinja nzvimbo ye beam (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kuti uwane chimiro che weld surface sezviri kuratidzwa nemufananidzo. Kana d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, pamusoro pe weld pakanaka uye pakaita sandara, uye chimiro chacho chakanaka; patani yehove ye weld yakajairwa uye yakanaka, uye hapana maburi anooneka, maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso. Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro ekupatsanurana kwe beam mana, weld surface yakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, kana d=2 mm, ma weld maviri akasiyana anoumbwa, zvinoratidza kuti ma parallel laser beam maviri haachashandi padziva rakanyungudutswa, uye haagone kugadzira dual-beam laser hybrid welding inoshanda. Kana nzvimbo yedanda iri 0.5mm, weld yakaita se "funnel-shaped", kudzika kwekupinda P2 ye weld kudivi re aluminum alloy i712.9 microns, uye hapana mitswe, maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso mukati me weld. Sezvo nzvimbo yedanda iri kuramba ichiwedzera, kudzika kwekupinda P2 ye weld kudivi re aluminum alloy kunoderera zvakanyanya. Kana nzvimbo yedanda iri 1 mm, kudzika kwekupinda kwe weld kudivi re aluminum alloy i94.2 microns chete. Sezvo nzvimbo yedanda iri ichiwedzera, weld haigadziri kupinda zvakanaka kudivi re aluminum alloy. Naizvozvo, kana nzvimbo yedanda iri 0.5mm, mhedzisiro yekubatanidza kaviri ndiyo yakanakisa. Sezvo nzvimbo yekubatanidza ichiwedzera, kupisa kwe welding kunoderera zvakanyanya, uye mhedzisiro yekubatanidza kaviri laser inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Musiyano uripo muchimiro cheweld unokonzerwa nekuyerera kwakasiyana uye kutonhora kwedziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yekukwesha. Nzira yekuenzanisa nhamba haingogone kungoita kuti kuongororwa kwekushushikana kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kuve nyore, asiwo kuderedza mutengo wekuyedza. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza shanduko mudziva rakanyungudutswa repadivi rine danda rimwe chete, kurongeka kwakasiyana uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Mhedziso huru dzinosanganisira: (1) Munguva yedanda rimwe chetewelding nelaserMaitiro acho, kudzika kwegomba redziva rakanyungudutswa ndiko kwakadzika, pane chiitiko chekudonha kwegomba, rusvingo rwegomba haruna kurongeka, uye kupararira kwenzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura pedyo nemadziro egomba hakuna kuenzana; pedyo nepamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kuyerera kwemvura kwakasimba, uye kune kuyerera kwemvura kumusoro pasi pedziva rakanyungudutswa; kupararira kwenzvimbo yekuyerera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa pamusoro kwakafanana uye kunononoka, uye hupamhi hwedziva rakanyungudutswa hahuna kuenzana nedivi rekudzika. Pane kukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwemadziro mudziva rakanyungudutswa pakati pemakomba madiki ari mumatanda maviri.welding nelaser, uye inogara iripo pamwe chete nekwakadzika kwemaburi madiki. Sezvo daro riri pakati pematanda maviri richiramba richikwira, huwandu hwesimba redanda hunochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pagomo rimwe chete kuenda pagomo repamusoro kaviri. Pane kukosha kudiki pakati pemisoro miviri, uye huwandu hwesimba hunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. (2) Kune matanda maviriwelding nelaser, kana nzvimbo iri pakati penzvimbo iri 0-0.5mm, kudzika kwemakomba madiki edziva rakanyungudutswa kunoderera zvishoma, uye maitiro ekuyerera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa akafanana neaya edanda rimwe chete.welding nelaser; kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo iri pamusoro pe1mm, maburi madiki anoparadzaniswa zvachose, uye panguva yekukwesha Hapana kusangana pakati pema laser maviri, izvo zvakaenzana nekubatanidza maviri akatevedzana/maviri akafanana ane simba re1750W. Hapana mhedzisiro yekupisa kwekutanga, uye maitiro ekuyerera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa akafanana neaya ekubatanidza nelaser ine beam rimwe chete. (3) Kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo iri 0.5-1mm, madziro emaburi madiki akatsetseka muzvirongwa zviviri, kudzika kwemaburi madiki kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pasi rinopatsanurwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kukanganiswa pakati pemaburi madiki nekuyerera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa pamusoro kuri pa0.8mm. Yakasimba zvikuru. Kune welding yakatevedzana, kureba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, upamhi ndihwo hukuru kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo iri 0.8mm, uye mhedzisiro yekupisa kwekutanga inoonekwa zvakanyanya kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo iri 0.8mm. Mhedzisiro yesimba reMarangoni inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mvura yakawanda yesimbi inoyerera kumativi ese edziva rakanyungudutswa. Ita kuti kugoverwa kwehupamhi hwekunyungudutswa kuve kwakafanana. Pakusanganisa mvura pamwe chete, upamhi hwedziva rakanyungudutswa hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye hurefu hwacho hunosvika 0.8mm, asi hapana chinhu chinopisa pakutanga; kuyerera kwemvura pedyo nepamusoro kunokonzerwa nesimba reMarangoni kunogara kuripo, uye kuyerera kwemvura pasi pegomba diki kunonyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma; nzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura haina kunaka seyakasimba mumutsara, kukanganiswa hakukanganisi kuyerera kwemvura kumativi ese edziva rakanyungudutswa, uye upamhi hwemvura yakanyungudutswa hunopararira zvisina kuenzana.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-12-2023
