1. Nheyo yekugadzirwa kwelaser
Chimiro cheatomu chakafanana nesolar system diki, ine nucleus yeatomu pakati. Maerekitironi anogara achitenderera pamwoyo weatomu, uye nucleus yeatomu inogara ichitendererawo.
Iyo nucleus inoumbwa nemaproton uye neutron. Maproton anochajiwa zvakanaka uye manyutroni haachaji. Huwandu hwechaji yakanaka inotakurwa nenyukiresi yese yakaenzana nenhamba yechaji yakaipa inotakurwa nemaerekitironi ese, saka kazhinji maatomu haana kwaakarerekera kune kunze kwenyika.
Panyaya yehuremu hweatomu, nucleus inoisa huzhinji hwehuremu hweatomu, uye huremu hunotorwa nemaerekitironi ese idiki kwazvo. Muchimiro cheatomu, nucleus inongotora nzvimbo diki. Maerekitironi anotenderera nepakati, uye maerekitironi ane nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yekuita.
Maatomu ane "simba remukati", iro rine zvikamu zviviri: chimwe ndechekuti maerekitironi ane kumhanya kwekutenderera uye imwe kinetic simba; imwe yacho ndeyokuti pane chinhambwe pakati pemaerekitironi akachajiwa zvisina kunaka uye nucleus ine chaji yakanaka, uye pane Chimwe chitsama chesimba rinogoneka. Huwandu hwesimba rekinetic uye simba rinogoneka remaerekitironi ese isimba reatomu rose, iro rinonzi simba remukati reatomu.
Maerekitironi ose anotenderera akapoteredza nucleus; dzimwe nguva pedyo nechepakati, simba remaerekitironi aya idiki; dzimwe nguva kure nechepakati, simba remaerekitironi aya rakakura; maererano nemukana wekuitika, vanhu vanokamura electron layer mune zvakasiyana " "Energy Level"; Pane imwe “Energy Level”, panogona kunge paine maerekitironi akawanda anotenderera nguva nenguva, uye erekitironi rimwe nerimwe harina gwara rakatsetseka, asi maerekitironi aya ose ane mwero wakafanana wesimba; "Mazinga eEnergy" akaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Hongu, ivo vakaparadzaniswa maererano nehuwandu hwesimba. Pfungwa ye "energy level" haingopatsanure maerekitironi kuita nhanho zvichienderana nesimba, asiwo inopatsanura nzvimbo inotenderera yemaerekitironi kuita nhanho dzakawanda. Muchidimbu, atomu inogona kuva nemazinga emasimba akawanda, uye simba rakasiyana-siyana rinoenderana nemasimba akasiyana; mamwe maerekitironi anotenderera pa "yakaderera simba mwero" uye mamwe maerekitironi anotenderera pa "yakakwirira simba pamwero".
Mazuva ano, mabhuku efizikisi echikoro chepakati akanyatso ratidza maitiro emamwe maatomu, mitemo yekugovera maerekitironi muchikamu chega chega erekitironi, uye huwandu hwemaerekitironi pamazinga akasiyana esimba.
Muhurongwa hweatomu, maerekitironi anofamba ari muzvidimbu, aine mamwe maatomu pamwero wesimba rakakwirira uye mamwe ari pasi pesimba; nekuti maatomu anogara achikanganiswa nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza (tembiricha, magetsi, magineti), epamusoro-simba maerekitironi haana kugadzikana uye achaita Spontaneous shanduko kuenda kune yakaderera simba mwero, mhedzisiro yayo inogona kunyudzwa, kana inogona kuburitsa yakakosha mhedzisiro uye kukonzera " zvinongoerekana zvaitika”. Naizvozvo, muhurongwa hweatomu, kana maerekitironi epamusoro-soro achichinja kuenda kumazinga akaderera-simba, pachava nezviratidzo zviviri: “zvinongoerekana zvabuda” uye “zvinokurudzirwa kuburitsa”.
Mwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika, maerekitironi ari munzvimbo dzine simba guru haana kugadzikana uye, anokanganisa nemamiriro ekunze (tembiricha, magetsi, magineti), anongoerekana aenda kunzvimbo dzine simba shoma, uye simba rakawandisa rinovhenekerwa nenzira yemafotoni. Hunhu hwerudzi urwu rwemwaranzi ndeyekuti shanduko yeerekitironi yega yega inoitwa yakazvimiririra uye inongoitika. Iyo photon inoti yekungoerekana yabuda maerekitironi akasiyana. Kubuda kwechiedza kunongoerekana kwaitika kuri mu "incoherent" mamiriro uye kune nzira dzakapararira. Zvisinei, mwaranzi inongoerekana yavapo ine hunhu hwemaatomu pachawo, uye maratidziro emwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika yemaatomu akasiyana akasiyana. Ichitaura izvi, inoyeuchidza vanhu nezveruzivo rwekutanga mufizikisi, “Chero chinhu chine simba rekuvheneka kupisa, uye chinhu chinokwanisa kuramba chichitora nekuburitsa masaisai emagetsi. Iwo emagetsi emagetsi anovhenekerwa nekupisa ane kumwe kugovera kwemavara. Iyi spectrum Kugoverwa kune hukama nehunhu hwechinhu chacho uye tembiricha yacho. Naizvozvo, chikonzero chekuvapo kwemwaranzi yekupisa ndiko kubuda kweatomu kwega kwega.
Mukusimudzirwa kwekubuda, maerekitironi epamusoro-soro anoshandura kusvika kune yakaderera-simba pasi pe "stimulation" kana "induction" ye "photons inokodzera mamiriro ezvinhu" uye inopenya photon yefrequency yakafanana neyechiitiko photon. Chinhu chikuru chemwaranzi yakasimudzwa ndechekuti mafotoni anogadzirwa nemwaranzi yakasimudzwa ane mamiriro akafanana neakaitika mafotoni anoburitsa mwaranzi inosimudzira. Ivo vari mu "coherent" mamiriro. Vane frequency yakafanana uye kutungamira kwakafanana, uye hazvigoneke zvachose kusiyanisa izvo zviviri. kusiyana pakati pazvo. Nenzira iyi, imwe fotoni inova maviri mafotoni akafanana kuburikidza nekumwe kunokurudzirwa kuburitsa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinowedzerwa, kana kuti "kuwedzerwa".
Zvino ngationgororei zvakare, zvinhu zvipi zvinodiwa kuti tiwane mwaranzi inokurudzirwa kakawanda uye yakawanda?
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, huwandu hwemaerekitironi muhuwandu hwesimba repamusoro nguva dzose hushoma pane huwandu hwemaerekitironi ari pasi pesimba. Kana iwe uchida kuti maatomu abudise mwaranzi inokurudzirwa, unoda kuwedzera huwandu hwemaerekitironi muhuwandu hwesimba repamusoro, saka unoda "pombi sosi", ine chinangwa chekukurudzira maerekitironi akawanda epasi-simba anosvetukira kumazinga esimba repamusoro. , saka nhamba yemaerekitironi epamusoro-soro ichave yakawanda kudarika nhamba yemagetsi emagetsi epasi, uye "chidimbu chenhamba reversal" ichaitika. Maerekitironi akawanda epamusoro-soro anogona kugara kwenguva pfupi chete. Nguva ichasvetukira kune yakaderera simba nhanho, saka mukana wekukurudzira kubuda kwemwaranzi uchawedzera.
Zvechokwadi, "pombi sosi" yakagadzirirwa maatomu akasiyana. Inoita kuti maerekitironi "aite kurira" uye inobvumira mamwe maerekitironi ane simba rakaderera kuti asvetuke kusvika kumazinga ane simba guru. Vaverengi vanogona kunyatsonzwisisa, chii chinonzi laser? Laser inogadzirwa sei? Laser i "light radiation" iyo "inofadzwa" nemaatomu echinhu chiri pasi pekuita kwe "pombi source" chaiyo. Iyi inonzi laser.
Nguva yekutumira: May-27-2024
