Chii chinonzi Advanced Welding Technologies?
Kuvandudzwa kwesainzi netekinoroji kwakatungamira kufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuripo muhunyanzvi hwekusonta, zvichikonzera kubuda kwenzira itsva dzekusonta. Tekinoroji dzepamusoro dzekusonta dzinoreva nzira dzepamusoro dzekubatanidza dzinopfuura dzimwe dzechinyakare (dzakadai sekusonta simbi yakadzivirirwa, kusonta simbi yakanyudzwa, uye kusonta simbi yakajairwa). Kubuda nekutsvagisa kwenzira idzi dzepamusoro dzekusonta kunobva mukubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana. Tekinoroji dzepamusoro dzekusonta (semuenzaniso, kusonta simbi ine simba rakawanda, kusonta simbi yakasanganiswa ne laser-arc, kusonta simbi yakasanganiswa, uyekushongedza marobhoti) dzakashandiswa mumagetsi, simba, mota, muchadenga, indasitiri yenyukireya, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Dzinoita basa rakakosha uye risingatsivike mukunama zvinhu zvakakosha uye zvivakwa, zvichikurudzira kufambira mberi kwemagariro evanhu netekinoroji.
Kubatanidza zvinhu zvepamusoro kwakabatana zvikuru nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro uye kune mabasa akasiyana uye asingatsiviwi. Mushure mekukura nekukurumidza muzana remakore rechi20, tekinoroji yekusanganisa, sechisungo chakakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano, yapinda muzana remakore rechi21 nehurongwa hwakura, huchichinja kubva pakugadzira nemaoko kuenda kukugadzira michina, otomatiki, yakavakirwa paruzivo, uye nehungwaru. Izvi zvinoratidza nguva itsva mune sainzi yekubatanidza neinjiniya.
(1) Kuwedera kweLaser-Arc Hybrid
Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa mwenje ine simba guru inorumbidzwa setekinoroji yekugadzirisa ine tariro zvikuru muzana remakore rechi21, inofungidzirwa kuti "inounza shanduko huru kune tekinoroji yekugadzirisa zvinhu nekugadzira," uye parizvino ndiyo nzvimbo yehunyanzvi iri kukura nekukurumidza uye yakatsvakurudzwa zvakanyanya.
Kubudirira kwemidziyo yekunamiraKureva kuti "hombe" kune zvakunoreva zviviri: chimwe ndechekuwedzera simba remuchina, uye chimwe kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvakasungirirwa nemidziyo. Nekuda kwekudyara mari yakawanda kamwe chete mumidziyo yepamusoro yekushongedza, kunyanya laser welding nemidziyo yekushongedza electron beam, kuwedzera simba, kuvandudza kudzika kwekupinda uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro ekushongedza kunogona kuderedza mari yekushongedza, zvichiita kuti igamuchirwe neindasitiri. Nokudaro, tekinoroji yekushongedza hybrid yakavakirwa pamalaser yakakwezva kutariswa. Kutaura zvazviri, laser-arc hybrid welding yakakurudzirwa kare kuma1970, asi mashandisirwo akagadzikana emaindasitiri akabuda mumakore achangopfuura, achinyanya kubatsirwa nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yelaser nemidziyo yekushongedza arc, kunyanya kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yesimba relaser nearc control. Laser-arc hybrid inonyanya kusanganisira kusanganiswa kwelaser netungsten inert gas (TIG) arc, plasma arc, uye active arc. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana pakati pelaser nearc, zvikanganiso zvenzira yega yega yekushongedza zvinogona kukundwa, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka yekusanganisa.
Kupinza kweLaser-arc hybrid kunovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwewelding, kunyanya zvichibva pamhedzisiro mbiri: chekutanga, kuwanda kwesimba kunotungamira pakumhanya kwakanyanya kwewelding uye kudzikira kwekurasikirwa nekupisa kweworkpiece; chechipiri, superposition effect yekudyidzana pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinopisa. Pakupinza simbi, laser plasma inodzikamisa arc; panguva imwe chete, arc inopinda mukiyi yedziva rakanyungudutswa, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwesimba. Kusanganiswa kwelaser neTIG kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya kwewelding, kanenge kaviri kupfuura TIG welding. Kupera kwe electrode ye tungsten kunoderedzwawo zvakanyanya, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwayo hwebasa; angle ye groove inogonawo kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo ye weld cross-sectional yakafanana neye laser welding. Kana tichienzanisa ne laser-single arc hybrid welding, laser-double arc hybrid welding inogona kuderedza kupisa kwewelding ne25% uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwewelding neanenge 30%.
Zvakanakira zvikuru zve laser-arc (kana plasma arc) hybrid welding ndeyekumhanya kwakavandudzwa kwewelding uye kudzika kwekupinda kwayo. Nekuda kwekupisa kwe arc, tembiricha yesimbi inokwira, zvichideredza kupenya kwesimbi ku laser uye kuwedzera kubatwa kwesimba rechiedza. Nzira iyi yakaedzwa pa CO₂ laser welding ine simba diki, pamwe ne CO₂ laser welding ye 12kW uye 2kW YAG lasers ine optical fiber transmission, zvichiisa hwaro hwe robotic laser-arc (kana plasma arc) hybrid welding. Mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji ye hybrid welding inoberekwa ne laser-arc hybrid yakawana budiriro yakakura, uye kushandiswa kwayo muzvikamu zvakaoma mundege, mauto, nedzimwe nzvimbo kwave kutariswa zvakanyanya. Parizvino, tekinoroji ye hybrid welding inosanganisa matanda ane simba rakawanda ne arc dzakasiyana yave imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha mumunda we high-energy beam welding.
(2) Kukwesha Kwekukweshana Kwekukweshana
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) inyanzvi yekushongedza yakagadzirwa neWelding Institute (TWI) yeUnited Kingdom kuma1990. Inogona kusanganisa simbi dzisina ferrous dzakaoma kusanganisa uchishandisa nzira dzekubatanidza fusion welding.
Kubatanidza zvinhu zvine chekuita nekukweshana kwemagetsi (friction stir welding) kune zvakanakira zvakaita sekubatanidza zvinhu zviri nyore, zvidimbu zvitete mujoini yakasungirirwa, kushanda zvakanaka kwekuneta, kushanda zvakanaka kwekukweshana, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekukombama, hapana chikonzero chekushongedza waya kana magasi ekudzivirira, hapana chiedza che arc, uye kushushikana kushoma uye kuchinja mushure mekukwesha. Yashandiswa muindasitiri yendege yenyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica, uye yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mukukwesha midziyo yekumanikidza ine madziro matete ealuminium alloy inoshanda patembiricha yakaderera, ichipedzisa joini yakatwasuka ye longitudinal welds uye joini ye circular butt ye circular welds. Iyi tekinoroji yakagamuchirwa mukugadzira mota itsva uye inoshandiswa mu aerospace, kutakura, kugadzira mota, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeindasitiri.
(3) Kukwesha kweVacuum Diffusion
Kubuda kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro kunoramba kuchiitika kunounza matambudziko matsva pakubatana kwetekinoroji. Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda, zvakaita se alloys dzisingapisi, ceramics dzemhando yepamusoro, intermetallic compounds, uye composite materials, kunyanya kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, kwakaoma kuwana uchishandisa nzira dzekubatanidza fusion, saka solid-state diffusion bonding nedzimwe tekinoroji dzakabuda. Semuenzaniso, superplastic forming-diffusion welding technology yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mu titanium alloy honeycomb structures dzendege. Ceramics nesimbi zvinogona kubatanidzwa ne diffusion welding; kushandiswa kwetekinoroji ye transient liquid phase diffusion welding kwakagadzirisa matambudziko akawanda akaoma ekubatanidza e hard materials aisagona kugadziriswa nekusanganisa weldingmunguva yakapfuura.
Kubatana kweSolid-state kunogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Imwe inzira yekubatanidza ine tembiricha yakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye nguva pfupi, izvo zvinokurudzira kubatana kwepedyo kwenzvimbo yebasa uye kuputika kwefirimu re oxide kuburikidza nekushanduka kwepurasitiki yemuno. Kushanduka kwepurasitiki ndicho chinhu chikuru pakuumbwa kwejoinhi. Nzira dzakadaro dzekubatanidza dzinosanganisirawelding yekukweshana, kuputika kwesimbi, kupinza mumhepo inotonhora, uye kupisa kwesimbi, izvo zvinowanzonzi kupinza mumhepo inotonhora. Imwe nzira yekubatanidza simbi ine tembiricha yakakwira, kudzvanywa kwakaderera, uye kwenguva yakareba, inowanzoitwa mumhepo inodzivirira kana vacuum. Iyi nzira yekubatanidza inogadzira purasitiki shoma chete, uye kupararira kweinterface ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuumba joinhi. Nzira dzakadaro dzekubatanidza simbi dzinosanganisira kupinza mumhepo inotonhora, senge kupinza mumhepo inotonhora, kupinza mumhepo inotonhora, kupinza mumhepo inotonhora, uye kupinza mumhepo inodziya.
Pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kwenzira dzepamusoro dzekubatanidza uye maitiro matsva (zviri pamusoro apa mienzaniso mishoma), mwero wekushandiswa kwemichina uye otomatiki yenzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza uri kuramba uchivandudzika. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemagetsi, tekinoroji yekuona, komputa, uye tekinoroji yekudzora kwakasimudzira zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwenzira yekubatanidza, zvichiita kuti otomatiki yekubatanidza iende kune hungwaru hwekudzora. Kunyanya, kuunzwa kukuru kwemarobhoti ekubatanidza kwakapfuura nenzira yechinyakare yekubatanidza otomatiki, kwakavhura nzira itsva yekushandura otomatiki mukubatanidza, uye kwakapa nzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza tekinoroji yekubatanidza. Kubatanidza kwave nzira inokosha yekugadzirisa mukugadzira kwemazuva ano. Uyezve, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji uye kukura kwezvemagariro nehupfumi, minda yekushandisa yekubatanidza yepamusoro icharamba ichikura.
(4) Kushongedza otomatiki uye nekuchenjera
Kugadzira michina nekushandisa otomatiki inzira dzakakosha dzekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwewelding, kuona kuti chigadzirwa chakanaka, uye kuvandudza mamiriro ekushanda. Kugadzira otomatiki kwewelding ndiyo nzira yekuvandudza tekinoroji yewelding mune ramangwana. Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye mhando yekugadzirwa kwewelding kune zvimwe zvipingamupinyi kubva pamaonero ekugadzirisa welding. Nzira dzeWelding/joining dzakadai se electron beam welding, laser welding, uye friction stir welding dzine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pa groove geometry uye assembly quality. Mushure me automatic welding, welding yese yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, yakarurama, uye yakanaka, ichichinja mamiriro ekudzokera shure ekushanda nemaoko mumawelding workshops ekare.
Sechimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yekugadzira uye indasitiri yetekinoroji iri kubuda, marobhoti ave nemhedzisiro yakakosha paminda yakasiyana-siyana yemaindasitiri etekinoroji yepamusoro. Kuoma kwemaitiro ekugadzira welding uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemhando yewelding, pamwe chete nedanho retekinoroji yewelding rinowanzova rakashata uye mamiriro ekushanda, zvinoita kuti maitiro ewelding anogona otomatiki uye kudzidzisa maitiro ewelding awane kutariswa kwakakosha. Parizvino, 30% kusvika 40% yemarobhoti pasi rese anoshandiswa mutekinoroji yewelding. Marobhoti ewelding pakutanga ainyanya kushandiswa mumitsetse yekugadzira welding muindasitiri yemotokari, uye mumakore achangopfuura, akawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kune mamwe minda yekugadzira.
Chinangwa chekutanga chekuvandudzawelding yakangwarandiyo sisitimu yekuona. Masisitimu ekuona akagadzirwa parizvino anogona kugonesa marobhoti kugadzirisa otomatiki nzira yekufamba kwetochi zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo panguva yekusonera, uye mamwe anogona kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera parameters yemaitiro zvichienderana nehukuru hwemugero.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-20-2025
