Laser: Tsanangudzo, Cheni yeMaindasitiri, Mashandisirwo, uye Nyika Yese

Laser inoreva chiedza chinogadzirwa neatomu inoburitswa nemhepo, saka zita racho rinonzi "laser". Kubva muzana remakore rechi20, laser yave iri imwe nzira huru yekugadzirwa kwevanhu mushure mesimba renyukireya, makomputa, uye semiconductors, uye inozivikanwa se "banga rinokurumidza", "mutongi akarurama kwazvo", uye "chiedza chakajeka kwazvo". Mashandisirwo ayo akakura zvikuru, kusanganisirachiratidzo chelaser, kushongedza ne laser,kucheka nelaser, optical fiber communication, laser ranking, laser radar, laser weapon, laser discs, laser vision correction, laser cosmetology, laser scanning, laser mosquito killers, uye Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) non-destructive testing technology.

Cheni yeIndasitiri yeLaser

Indasitiri yelaser iindasitiri yakazara yetekinoroji yepamusoro yakatarisana netekinoroji yelaser, inosanganisira kutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvelaser, kugadzira michina, kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu, uye mashandisirwo evashandisi vekupedzisira. Inotenderera pakugadzira, kudzora, kutapurirana, uye kushandiswa kwemalaser, inosanganisira cheni yakazara yeindasitiri kubva pazvinhu zvepakutanga kusvika kuzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.

Kumusoro kweIndustrial Chain

Zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa nekutengesa zvinhu zve laser nezvimwe zvinhu zvinotsigira. Zvinhu izvi, zvinoumba hwaro hwezvigadzirwa zve laser, zvinosanganisira makristaro e laser, magasi e laser, marambi e laser, uye magetsi e laser. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinobatsira pakugadzira zvakadai sema lenses e optical, ma pompu sources, ma galvanometers, uye ma gratings. Hunhu uye mashandiro ezvigadzirwa izvi nezvikamu zvinokanganisa zvakananga kunaka uye mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zve laser.

Pakati peChikamu cheMaindasitiri

Chikamu ichi chinonyanya kuita basa rekugadzira nekutengesa ma laser akasiyana-siyana, pamwe nemichina inotsigira nelaserzvakaita semidziyo yekudzora nhamba nemakomputa. MaLaser ndiwo mativi makuru emidziyo yelaser, ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira ma solid-state lasers, ma semiconductor lasers, uye ma fiber lasers. Chikamu chepakati chinosanganisirawo kubatanidza nekurongedza machipisi elaser ekumusoro, zvishandiso zve optoelectronic, ma modules, uye zvikamu zve optical kugadzira michina yakasiyana-siyana yelaser yakadai semichina yekucheka laser,michina yekuwedera nelaser, uye michina yekuisa chiratidzo nelaser.

Pasi peIndustrial Chain

Inomiririra nzvimbo dzekushandiswa kwemidziyo yelaser, ichifukidza zvikamu zvakawanda zvakaita sekugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro, hutano, tsvakurudzo yesainzi, mashandisirwo emotokari, uye tekinoroji yeruzivo. Semuenzaniso, michina yekucheka nelaser inogona kushandiswa kucheka zvinhu zvesimbi, michina yekucheka nelaser yekubatanidza zvikamu zvemotokari, uye michina yekuisa chiratidzo nelaser yekuisa chiratidzo pamalebula ezvigadzirwa. Muminda iyi, michina yelaser inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kukura nekufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri ane hukama.

Zvakanakira uye Minda Mikuru Yekushandisa yeTekinoroji yeLaser

Tekinoroji yeLaser, ine mabhenefiti ayo ekushanda neunyanzvi, kushanda nesimba, uye kusabata vanhu, iri kutamba basa rakakosha mumabasa matsva ekugadzira zvinhu:

Mundima yeruzivo rwechizvarwa chitsva, inotsigira kuvandudzwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvekuratidzira nekutaurirana, zvichitungamira hunyanzvi muruzivo rweruzivo.
Mubasa rekugadzira michina yepamusoro-soro, zvinosimudzira nhanho yekugadzira zvinhu zvisina njodzi uye kugadzira zvinhu zvine hungwaru, zvichipa simba kusimudzirwa kwezvitima zvinomhanya zvakanyanya uye midziyo.
Muchikamu chitsva chesimba, zvinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva rinoshanda zvakanyanya uye magridi akangwara, zvichikurumidzisa kushandiswa kwesimba idzva.
Mumunda wezvinhu zvitsva, zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvinyatsogadziriswa, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba pakutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
Muindasitiri yemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba, inovandudza kugadzirwa nekusungirirwa kwezvikamu zvemotokari, zvichisimudzira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba.
Munzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedza nharaunda, inoshandiswa mumwenje we semiconductor, zvichibatsira mukufambira mberi kweindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedza nharaunda.
Muindasitiri yezvehupenyu, inovandudza mashandiro emidziyo yekurapa yepamusoro, zvichikurudzira hunyanzvi muindasitiri yezvehupenyu.

Zvisinei, zvakazara, mashandisirwo akapararira ema lasers achiripo mukugadzirisa zvinhu uye kutaurirana.

Patani yeIndasitiri yeLaser yepasi rose

Nyika dzemuEurope: Vakatanga kutungamira mu tekinoroji yelaser uye vakaunganidza hunyanzvi hwakakura hwehunyanzvi, vaine mabhenefiti mukuita nemazvo, kuvimbika kwakanyanya, uye mashandisirwo emusika wepamusoro (semuenzaniso, tekinoroji ye semiconductor ne lithography). Zvichienderana nedata rekutsvagisa kwemusika, indasitiri yelaser yemuEurope ine anopfuura 30% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose.
United States: Ine chinzvimbo chakakosha mumusika wepasi rose muminda yakaita seyemhando yepamusoro yekugadzira machipisi e optical uye tekinoroji yekubatanidza silicon photonics. Kunyanya, IPG Photonics inotungamira pasi rosemusika wefiber laserKazhinji, indasitiri yelaser yeUS ine chikamu chinoda kusvika 20% chemusika wepasi rose.
Japan neSouth Korea: Vane simba rakasiyana mukugadzira nemazvo, tekinoroji yemaziso, uye mashandisirwo mune zvimwe zvikamu. Semuenzaniso, Japan inotungamira pasi rose mukugadzira fiber preforms uye fibers dzakakosha dzemaziso, ine mugove wemusika wepasi rose unodarika 50%; Meere Company yeSouth Korea ine 70% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose muzvigayo zvekuratidza. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwakarurama pamusoro pemugove wemusika wepasi rose weJapan neindasitiri yelaser yeSouth Korea rwakaoma kuwana.
China: Ine zvakanakira zvakasiyana mukugadzira michina yelaser uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mumusika wepasi rose. Muna 2024, mari inowanikwa pamusika wemidziyo yelaser pasi rose yaive mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nerimwe nemazana masere emadhora ekuAmerica, pakati payo mari inowanikwa pamusika wemidziyo yelaser yeChina yakasvika mabhiriyoni makumi masere nepfumbamwe nemazana manomwe emamiriyoni eyuan (ichive 56.6% yemusika wepasi rose). Kunyange zvakadaro, kana tichifunga nezveketani yese yeindasitiri (kusanganisira zvinhu zvikuru nezvikamu, kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yelaser yepamusoro, uye mashandisirwo epamusoro), chikamu chemusika cheChina chinoderera kusvika pa21% yehuwandu hwepasi rose.

Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yeLaser yeChina

Rutsigiro rweMutemo

Hurumende yeChina inonyanya kukoshesa kukura kweindasitiri yelaser uye yakaunza mitemo inotsigira kusimudzira R&D, maindasitiri, uye kuwedzera musika wetekinoroji yelaser.

Mapoka Emaindasitiri Emunharaunda

Parizvino, China ine mabhizinesi akawanda ari muchikamu chemaindasitiri elaser, uye makwikwi emaindasitiri emunharaunda ari makuru. Mapoka makuru emaindasitiri ndeaya anotevera:

Wuhan Optics Valley: Nekubatanidza zvakadzama tekinoroji itsva uye hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri, yakavaka nzvimbo yakakwirira yekusimudzira indasitiri yelaser yeChina. Inounganidza makambani elaser anopfuura mazana maviri, ichifukidza makambani akasiyana-siyana egasi, solid-state, uye fiber laser ane simba rakakwirira, repakati, uye rakaderera. Cheni yakazara yemaindasitiri yakagadzirwa, inosanganisira zvinhu zvelaser zvepamusoro nezvikamu zvinotsigira, malaser epakati nemidziyo inotsigira, uye mashandisirwo elaser epasi.
Pearl River Delta: Inokurudzirwa nekudiwa kwemusika, inokurudzira kudiwa kwemaindasitiri ekugadzira laser uye inokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvinobatanidza zvese muchikamu chemaindasitiri. Semusika mukuru wekushandisa laser muChina, huwandu hwayo hwekutumira kunze kwenyika hunodarika 30% yehuwandu hwenyika. Huwandu hwemaindasitiri edunhu rino hunosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nematatu eyuan, zvichiita kuti ive yechipiri pakukura kweindasitiri ye laser muChina mushure meWuhan.
Bohai Rim: Ine hunyanzvi hwakasimba hweR&D yetekinoroji uye kudiwa kwakasimba kwemusika. Musika uyu, uchimiririrwa neBeijing, unounganidza huwandu hwakawanda hwemabhizinesi ari muindasitiri yeIT nekutaurirana, zvichikonzera kudiwa kwakasimba kwezvigadzirwa zvelaser.
Rwizi rweYangtze Delta: Rune cheni yemaindasitiri yakakwana, ine maindasitiri akapararira zvikuru muShanghai, Nanjing, Wenzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, nedzimwe maguta. Indasitiri yelaser munharaunda iyi inozivikanwa nekushanda pamwe chete muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichitungamira kunaka uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka kwecheni yemaindasitiri iri kumusoro nepasi kuburikidza nemabhizinesi anotungamira. Huwandu hwezvishandiso zvepatent muminda mikuru yetekinoroji senge ultrafast lasers uyemasisitimu egalvanometer akanyatsogadzirwamuRwizi rweYangtze Delta inowedzera neavhareji ye34% pagore, uye mwero wekushandurwa kwetekinoroji wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura avhareji yenyika.

Senzvimbo huru muindasitiri yelaser muChina, Wuhan Optics Valley ine makambani anopfuura 300 ane chekuita nelaser, nemari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri eyuan. Kukosha kwegore negore kwezvigadzirwa zvelaser zvinosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwenyika. Izvi zvinoratidza mabhenefiti makuru muhunyanzvi, tekinoroji, hwaro hwemaindasitiri, uye musika:

Kubatsira Kwematarenda: Masangano edzidzo yepamusoro anosvika gumi nemasere uye masangano ekutsvagisa sainzi makumi mashanu nematanhatu ematunhu nemasangano ehurumende anowanikwa munzvimbo iyi, achibatsira vadzidzi vekukoreji vanodarika zviuru makumi mashanu pagore, zvichipa hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwevashandi ve laser.
Kubatsira Kwetekinoroji: Masangano akadai seWuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications neHuazhong University of Science and Technology ndiwo ari pamberi muindasitiri yemagetsi nekugadzira laser, achipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi mukusimudzira maindasitiri.
Kubatsira kweMaindasitiri: Wuhan Optics Valley yave nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo muChina yekugadzira fiber netambo uye zvigadzirwa zve laser, ine hwaro hwakasimba hweindasitiri.
Kubatsira Kwemusika: Nzvimbo iyi ine chikamu chikuru mumusika wezvigadzirwa zve optical fiber ne cable uye mumusika we optoelectronic device, uye ine chinzvimbo chakati muindasitiri yepasi rose ye optoelectronic, iine mikana yakakura yemusika.

Maitiro Emusika uye Zvikamu Zvikuru zveMidziyo yeLaser

Kushanduka kweMusika weMidziyo yeLaser

Midziyo yeLaser imuchina unoshandiswa zvakanyanya, une nzvimbo dzayo dzakanyanya kupararira mumaindasitiri akadai semotokari, 3C (komputa, kutaurirana, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi), simbi, uye kuvaka ngarava. Kubudirira kweindasitiri iyi kwakabatana zvakanyanya nehupfumi hwenyika, uye kuchinja-chinja kwayo kunoenderana nekuchinja-chinja kweindasitiri yekugadzira. Mumakore achangopfuura, kudzikira kwemitengo yeLaser kwakaita kuti mitengo yemidziyo iderere, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yeLaser uye zvichikurumidzisa kupararira kweindasitiri.

Mafambiro makuru ekushandisa:

Kugadzirwa kweMabhatiri eLithium: MaLaser anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri eLithium. Mabhatiri eLithium-ion ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuchengetedza, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuwanda, uye kugadzirwa kweLaser kune zvakanakira pachena mukushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa. Parizvino, nekukura nekukurumidza kwemotokari itsva dzesimba, kudiwa kwemidziyo yemabhatiri eLithium kwakasimba, uye mabhizinesi emabhatiri eLithium ari kuwedzera kugona kwawo kugadzira. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwekucheka, kuchenesa, uye kuisa mamaki eLaser mukugadzira mabhatiri eLithium, huwandu hwemidziyo yeLaser mukugadzira mabhatiri eLithium ane simba hunotarisirwa kusvika 15-20% mune ramangwana.
Kuchenesa neLaser uye Kufukidza neLaser: Misika iyi mitsva yekushandisa ine mikana yakakura. Kana tichienzanisa nekuchenesa nemakemikari uye kukuya nemagetsi, kuchenesa nelaser hakuna njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza, hakukuvadzi, hakuna kusvibiswa kwechipiri, uye kunoshanda zvakanaka. Kunogona kutsiva misika iripo senge kuchenesa kwemaindasitiri nekupukuta nemaoko, nemusika wakakura. Minda mitsva yekushandisa inosanganisira kuchenesa zvinhu zvetsika, kuchenesa zvivakwa, uye kuchenesa migwagwa.
Indasitiri yePhotovoltaic: Tekinoroji yekugadzira laser inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwemasero ephotovoltaic. Zvichikonzerwa nezvinhu zvakanaka zvakaita sekuderera kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemitengo yekugadzira magetsi ephotovoltaic uye kudiwa kubva kumisika iri kubuda, musika wepasi rose wephotovoltaic ucharamba uchikura. Kugadzira laser kunoshandiswa mumabasa akadai seablation, cutting, edge trimming, uye doping mukugadzirwa kwemasero ezuva.

Zvikamu Zvikuru zveLaser

Maumbirwo Emutengo: Kubva pakugadzirwa kwemitengo yemalaser, mafiber ekuona chaiwo, masource epombi, uye zvishandiso zvekuona ndizvo zvikamu zvikuru zvemutengo, zvichiita zvinopfuura 80%. Pakati pazvo, masource epombi uye mafiber ekuona chaiwo ndiwo masource makuru emutengo wezvinhu zve fiber lasers—kazhinji, mafiber ekuona chaiwo anokwana 20%, uye masource epombi anokwana 30%.
Chiratidzo Chinokosha Chekutevera: Pakuongorora zvikamu zvepakati zvema lasers, chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha chiyero chekuzvigadzira (kana kuti nzvimbo) yezvikamu izvi zvepakati. Chikamu chikuru chekuzvigadzira (kana nzvimbo) chinotungamira kudzikira kukuru kwemitengo yekutenga.
Mapombi: Senzira yekuisa chiedza mumafiber lasers, mapombi anoshandiswa kumutsa nzvimbo inoshanda nelaser uye kupomba zvidimbu zvinoshanda kubva pasi kuenda padanho repamusoro resimba kuti vanhu vasvike pakupinduka. Zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemamiriro ekushanda uye mamiriro ekushanda nelaser, akakamurwa kuita mhando ina: optical excitation (optical pumping), gas discharge excitation, chemical excitation, uye nuclear energy excitation. Mhando dzakabatana dzema lasers ifiber lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, solid-state lasers, nezvimwewo.
Mafiber Akakosha Ekuona: Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa mafiber chaiwo ekuona kubva kumafiber akajairika ekuona ndiko kushandiswa kwawo pahurefu hwakasiyana. Mafiber ane Ytterbium anoshandiswa senzira yekuwana mafiber lasers nemafiber amplifiers, nepo mafiber asingashande achishandiswa kuma couplers, pigtails, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuona.

Mafambiro Ebudiriro Yeramangwana muIndasitiri yeLaser

Sezvo tekinoroji yelaser ichibatanidzwa zvakanyanya netekinoroji dziri kubuda dzakadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet of Things, uye nekubuda kuri kuramba kuchiita malaser matsva akadai selaser dzinokurumidza uyema-fiber laser ane simba guru, indasitiri yelaser ichakura kusvika padanho repamusoro, zvichiunza shanduko huru kuminda yakaita sekugadzirisa zvinhu uye biomedicine.

Zvichakadaro, sezvo indasitiri yekugadzira yepasi rose iri kufambira mberi pakutsvaga ruzivo uye greenization, kugadzira laser, nerubatsiro rwayo rwekunyatsojeka uye kuchinjika kwakasimba, kuchakurumidzisa kupinda kwayo muminda yekugadzira kwakanyatsojeka senge ma display panels, consumer electronics, uye integrated circuits, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera musika wayo wekushandisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, kutsigirwa kuri kuitwa kwemitemo yenyika yeindasitiri ye laser pamwe nemitemo yakakodzera yakaunzwa nehurumende dzemunharaunda kuchaisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuvandudza nekuwedzera kwecheni yeindasitiri yelaser, kukurudzira indasitiri yelaser kuti ikure ichienda kune mhando yepamusoro uye kushanda zvakanaka.

Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-03-2025

Nzwisisa Cheni yeMaindasitiri mumaminitsi gumi: Cheni yeMaindasitiri yeLaser