Mumakore achangopfuura, laser yekuchenesa yave imwe yenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa mumunda wekugadzira maindasitiri, tsvakiridzo inovhara maitiro, dzidziso, zvishandiso uye mashandisiro. Mumaindasitiri ekushandisa, laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji yakakwanisa kuchenesa nekuvimbika nhamba yakakura yenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kuchenesa zvinhu zvinosanganisira simbi, aluminium, titanium, girazi uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa, nezvimwewo, maindasitiri ekushandisa anofukidza aerospace, ndege, kutumira, kukurumidza-kumhanya. njanji, motokari, mold, simba renyukireya uye marine uye mamwe minda.
Laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji, inodzokera kuma1960s, ine zvakanakira yekuchenesa mhedzisiro, huwandu hwakawanda hwemashandisirwo, yakanyanya kurongeka, kusaonana uye kuwanikwa. Mukugadzira maindasitiri, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa uye mamwe minda ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwemashandisiro ekushandisa, anotarisirwa kutsiva zvishoma kana zvachose kutsiva echinyakare nzira dzekuchenesa, uye kuve inovimbisa yegirinhi yekuchenesa tekinoroji muzana ramakore re21.
Laser yekuchenesa nzira
Laser yekuchenesa maitiro akaomarara, anosanganisira akasiyana nzira dzekubvisa zvinhu, yelaser yekuchenesa nzira, nzira yekuchenesa inogona kuvepo panguva imwe chete nzira dzakasiyana siyana, dzinonyanya kukonzerwa nekudyidzana pakati pelaser uye zvinhu, kusanganisira. iyo yezvinyorwa pamusoro ablation, kuora, ionization, kuora, kunyunguduka, kupisa, vaporization, vibration, sputtering, kuwedzera, shrinkage, kuputika, peeling, kudurura uye kumwe kuchinja kwemuviri nemakemikari. process.
Parizvino, akajairika laser yekuchenesa nzira anonyanya matatu: laser ablation yekuchenesa, yemvura firimu-inobatsira laser kuchenesa uye laser shock wave yekuchenesa nzira.
Laser ablation yekuchenesa nzira
Iyo mikuru yemethodhiyo nzira ndeyekupisa kwekuwedzera, vaporization, ablation uye chikamu chekuputika. Iyo laser inobata zvakananga pane izvo zvinobviswa kubva pamusoro peiyo substrate uye ambient mamiriro anogona kunge ari mhepo, isingawanzo gasi kana vacuum. Mamiriro ekushanda ari nyore uye anonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuputira, pendi, zvimedu kana tsvina. Dhiagiramu iri pazasi inoratidza dhizaini yemaitiro eiyo laser ablation yekuchenesa nzira.
Kana iyo laser irradiation pamusoro pechinhu, iyo substrate uye yekuchenesa zvinhu ndiyo yekutanga kupisa kwekuwedzera. Nekuwedzera kwelaser yekudyidzana nguva nemidziyo yekuchenesa, kana tembiricha yakadzikira pane yekuchenesa cavitation chikumbaridzo, zvinhu zvekuchenesa chete shanduko yemuviri, mutsauko uripo pakati pekuchenesa zvinhu uye substrate thermal yekuwedzera coefficient inotungamira mukumanikidza pane interface. , iyo yekuchenesa zvinhu inoputika, kubvarura kubva pamusoro pe substrate, kuputika, mechanical fracture, vibration crushing, nezvimwewo, zvinhu zvekuchenesa zvinobviswa nejeti kana kubviswa kwe substrate surface.
Kana tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura gasification pachikumbaridzo tembiricha yekuchenesa zvinhu, pachava nemamiriro maviri: 1) iyo ablation chikumbaridzo chekuchenesa zvinhu ishoma pane substrate; 2) iyo ablation chikumbaridzo yezvinhu zvekuchenesa yakakura kupfuura substrate.
Izvi zviviri zviitiko zvekuchenesa zvinhu zviri kunyunguduka, cavitation uye ablation uye mamwe physicochemical shanduko, yekuchenesa nzira yakanyanya kuomarara, mukuwedzera kune inopisa mhedzisiro, asi zvakare inogona kusanganisira yekuchenesa zvinhu uye substrates pakati peiyo molecular bond break, yekuchenesa zvinhu kuora kana kuora, chikamu. kuputika, kuchenesa zvinhu gasification pakarepo ionization, chizvarwa cheplasma.
(1)Liquid firimu yakabatsira laser kuchenesa
Method mashandiro anonyanya ane mvura firimu kufashaidza vaporization uye vibration, etc.. Kushandiswa kwechido chekusarudza yakakodzera laser wavelength, nenzira yekugadzira kushaikwa kwekukanganisa kumanikidza mune laser ablation yekuchenesa maitiro, inogona kushandiswa kubvisa. zvimwe zvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa chinhu chekuchenesa.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, iyo firimu yemvura (mvura, ethanol kana zvimwe zvinwiwa) yakafanovharwa pamusoro pechinhu chekuchenesa, uye wozoshandisa laser kuti uise irradiate. Liquid firimu rinotora laser simba rinokonzera kuputika kwakasimba kwemvura media, kuputika kwemvura inofashaira yakakwirira-kumhanya kufamba, simba rekufambisa kune pamusoro pekuchenesa zvinhu, simba rinoputika rinoputika rinokwana kubvisa tsvina yepasi kuti iite zvinangwa zvekuchenesa.
Iyo yemvura firimu-inobatsira laser yekuchenesa nzira ine zvipingamupinyi zviviri.
Humbersome process uye yakaoma kudzora maitiro.
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo firimu remvura, iyo kemikari ye substrate pamusoro mushure mekuchenesa iri nyore kuchinja uye kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
(1)Laser shock wave mhando yekuchenesa nzira
Maitiro ekuita uye mashandiro akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune maviri ekutanga, iyo mashini inonyanya kuvhunduka wave simba rekubvisa, kuchenesa zvinhu zvinonyanya zvidimbu, kunyanya zvekubvisa zvimedu (sub-micron kana nanoscale). Zvido zvemaitiro zvakaomesesa, zvese kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugona kuita ionize mhepo, asi zvakare kuchengetedza chinhambwe chakakodzera pakati pelaser uye substrate kuona kuti chiitiko pazvikamu zvesimba rekuita chakakura zvakakwana.
Laser shock wave yekuchenesa maitiro schematic dhizaini inoratidzwa pazasi, iyo laser kuti ienderane kune iyo substrate pamusoro pepfuti, uye iyo substrate haina kusangana. Fambisa iyo workpiece kana laser musoro kuti ugadzirise iyo laser yakatarisa kune chidimbu padyo nekubuda kwelaser, iyo yakatarisana nemhepo ionization phenomenon ichaitika, zvichikonzera kuvhunduka kwemafungu, mafungu ekuvhundutsa kusvika kukukurumidza kuwedzera kwe spherical kuwedzera, uye kutambanudza kuti ubate. nezvimedu. Kana iyo nguva yechikamu chinochinjika cheiyo shock wave pane chidimbu yakakura kupfuura iyo nguva yeiyo longitudinal chikamu uye particle adhesion force, chidimbu chinobviswa nekukunguruka.
Laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji
Laser yekuchenesa mashandiro anonyanya kubva pamusoro pechinhu mushure mekutora kwelaser simba, kana vaporization uye volatilization, kana pakarepo kuwedzera kwemafuta ekukunda adsorption yezvimedu pamusoro, kuitira kuti chinhu kubva pamusoro, uye wozowana chinangwa chekuchenesa.
Zvinenge zvakapfupikiswa se: 1. laser vapor decomposition, 2. laser stripping, 3. thermal kuwedzera kwetsvina zvidimbu, 4. substrate surface vibration uye particle vibration zvinhu zvina
Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare yekuchenesa maitiro, laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji ine zvinotevera maitiro.
1. Iyo "yakaoma" yekuchenesa, isina kuchenesa mhinduro kana mamwe makemikari mhinduro, uye utsanana hwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura kemikari yekuchenesa nzira.
2. Chiyero chekubviswa kwetsvina uye inoshanda substrate range yakakura kwazvo, uye
3. Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwelaser process parameters, haigoni kukuvadza pamusoro pe substrate pamusana pekubvisa kunobudirira kwezvinosvibisa, ndiyo nzvimbo yakanaka seyo itsva.
4. Laser kuchenesa kunogona nyore otomatiki kushanda.
5. Laser decontamination equipment inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba, yakaderera mari yekushandisa.
6. Laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji ndeye: yakasvibira: yekuchenesa nzira, kubvisa tsvina ipfu yakasimba, diki diki, nyore kuchengeta, zvakanyanya haizosvibisa nharaunda.
Mumakore ekuma1980, kukurumidza kuvandudza kweiyo semiconductor indasitiri pamusoro peiyo silicon wafer mask kusvibisa zvimedu zvekuchenesa tekinoroji kwakaisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa, chinhu chakakosha kukunda kusvibiswa kwezvimedu zvidiki uye substrate pakati pesimba guru rekushambadza. , kucheneswa kwemakemikari echinyakare, kucheneswa kwemagetsi, nzira dzekuchenesa dze ultrasonic hadzikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, uye kuchenesa laser kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ekusvibisa akadai, tsvakiridzo ine chekuita uye mashandisirwo akagadzirwa nekukurumidza.
Muna 1987, kutaridzika kwekutanga kwekushandisa patent pakuchenesa laser. Mumakore ekuma1990, Zapka yakabudirira kushandisa laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji kune semiconductor yekugadzira maitiro kuti abvise madiki madiki kubva pamusoro pemask, achiona kutanga kushandiswa kwelaser yekuchenesa tekinoroji mumunda weindasitiri. 1995, vaongorori vakashandisa 2 kW TEA-CO2 laser kuti vabudirire kucheneswa kwendege fuselage kubviswa pendi.
Mushure mekupinda muzana ramakore rechi 21, nekukura kwekumhanya-mhanya kwea-ultra-short pulse lasers, kutsvagisa kwemukati nekune dzimwe nyika uye kushandiswa kwelaser yekuchenesa tekinoroji yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, ichitarisa pamusoro pezvinhu zvesimbi, yakajairika yekune dzimwe nyika kunyorera ndege fuselage pendi kubviswa, mold. kuderera kwepasi, injini yemukati kabhoni kubviswa uye kucheneswa kwepamusoro kwemajoini pamberi pewelding. US Edison Welding Institute laser kucheneswa kweFG16 warplane, apo simba relaser re1 kW, vhoriyamu yekuchenesa ye2.36 cm3 paminiti.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti kutsvagisa uye kushandiswa kwelaser pendi kubviswa kwepamberi composite zvikamu zvakare inzvimbo huru inopisa. Iyo US Navy HG53, HG56 helicopter propeller blades uye F16 fighter jet's flat muswe uye mamwe maumbirwo akaumbwa akaonekwa mashandisirwo ekubvisa pendi yelaser, ukuwo zvigadzirwa zveChina mukushandiswa kwendege kunonoka, saka kutsvagisa kwakadaro kuri mune isina chinhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwelaser yekuchenesa tekinoroji kune CFRP inoumbwa pamusoro pekurapa kwejoinhi isati yanamira kuti uvandudze kusimba kwejoint zvakare ndeimwe yezvino tsvakiridzo yekutarisa. gadzirisa kambani yelaser kuAudi TT mutsara wekugadzira mota kuti upe fiber laser yekuchenesa michina yekuchenesa pamusoro peiyo lightweight aluminium alloy gonhi furemu oxide firimu. Rolls G Royce UK yakashandisa laser kuchenesa kuchenesa oxide firimu pamusoro petitanium aero-injini zvikamu.
Laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji yakagadzira nekukurumidza mumakore maviri apfuura, ingave iri laser yekuchenesa maitiro paramita uye yekuchenesa michina, kuchenesa chinhu kutsvagisa kana kushandiswa kwekutsvagisa kwaita kufambira mberi kukuru. Laser yekuchenesa tekinoroji mushure mekutsvagisa kwakawanda kwedzidziso, iyo inotarisisa yekutsvagisa kwayo inogara yakarerekera kune mashandisirwo ekutsvaga, uye mukushandiswa kwemhedzisiro inovimbisa. Mune ramangwana, tekinoroji yekuchenesa laser mukuchengetedza zvisaririra zvetsika uye mabasa eunyanzvi ichashandiswa zvakanyanya, uye musika wayo wakakura kwazvo. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kushandiswa kwelaser yekuchenesa tekinoroji muindasitiri kuri kuita chokwadi, uye huwandu hwekushandisa huri kuramba huchiwedzera.
Maven laser otomatiki kambani inotarisisa indasitiri yelaser kwemakore gumi nemana, isu tinonyanya kutara laser yekumaka, tine muchina kabati yekuchenesa laser muchina, trolley kesi laser yekuchenesa muchina, backpack laser yekuchenesa muchina uye matatu mune imwe laser yekuchenesa muchina, pamusoro, isu tine zvakare. laser welding muchina, laser yekucheka muchina uye laser yekumaka engraving muchina, kana iwe uchifarira muchina wedu, unogona kutitevera uye unzwe wakasununguka kutibata nesu.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-14-2022
