Kupinza spot inzira yekubatanidza inokurumidza uye isingadhuri. Yakakodzera kubatanidza zvikamu zve thin-plate ne lap joints zvisingade mhepo yakasimba. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzekubatanidza spot, dzakadai se resistance spot welding, arc spot welding, adhesive spot welding,kusanganisa nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa, uye laser spot welding. Parizvino, resistance spot welding inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira. Tichitora indasitiri yemotokari semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzeweld dzinodiwa 3,000 kusvika 4,000 panguva yekuunganidza zvikamu zvepanel yemotokari, izvo zvinoda marobhoti 250 kusvika 300, pamwe chete nekutsigira masisitimu ekudzora nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekubatsira. Zvisinei, resistance spot welding haina kuchinjika kwakawanda. Nekukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza, kutenderera kwekuvandudzwa kwemaumbirwo ejometri uye maumbirwo ezvikamu zvemotokari kwave kupfupika zvikuru. Kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva nemamodheru kunoda rudzi rutsva rwetekinoroji ye spot welding inoshanda uye inochinjika. Naizvozvo, tekinoroji ye laser spot welding yave ichinyanya kutariswa uye inotarisirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri emotokari. Mumunda weaerospace, laser spot welding iri kuyedzwawo seimwe tekinoroji. Kwenguva yakareba, lap joints yezvigadzirwa zveaerospace yagara ichishandisa riveting, iyo inosanganisira maitiro mazhinji ekugadzira uye mutoro webasa unorema. Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvakaita sealuminium alloys, titanium alloys, uye zvinhu zvakasanganiswa, kushandisa matekinoroji matsva ewelding kutsiva nzira dzechinyakare dzekubatanidza kwave tsika huru. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete pakugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka asiwo zvinoderedza huremu hwechivakwa uye zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kune zvigadzirwa zvemuchadenga. Kunyatsorongeka uye kuchinjika kwakanyanya kwe laser spot welding zvinopa mabhenefiti makuru mukugadzirwa kwayo, kunyanya muindasitiri yendege, uko inogona kutsiva maitiro echinyakare akadai se resistance spot welding uye riveting.
I. Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweLaser Spot Welding
Tsanangudzo
Kubatanidza mapoinzi neLaser zvinoreva maitiro ekunyungudutsa nekubatanidza maworkpiece uchishandisa laser pulse imwe chete (t > 1ms) kana kuti laser pulses dzakatevedzana panzvimbo imwe chete.
Kupinza mapoinzi neLaser kwakafanana nemamwe maitiro ekuisa mapoinzi neLaser; musiyano chete ndewekuti hapana kuchinjika pakati pedanda relaser neworkpiece panguva yekuisa mapoinzi. Kupinza mapoinzi neLaser kwakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kupinza mapoinzi nemafuta neKeyhole Welding. Mukupinza mapoinzi nemafuta nemafuta, laser inogona kungonyungudutsa simbi isina kuipisa. Nzira iyi inonyanya kukodzera simbi dzine ukobvu husingasviki 0.5mm, dzakadai seNd:YAG laser spot welding yezvikamu zvemagetsi. Mukupinza mapoinzi neLaser spot neKeyhole, laser inogona kupinda zvakananga mukati mechinhu ichi kuburikidza nekiyi, ichiwedzera mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba relaser uye kuwana kudzika kukuru kwekupinda. Kupinza mapoinzi neLaser neResistance kunonyungudutsa maworkpieces kuti agadzire mapoinzi neWeld uchishandisa resistance heat inogadzirwa nemagetsi, nepo kupisa kunobva kuLaser spot welding kuchibva kuLaser radiation, zvichikonzera maumbirwo akasiyana eweld spot.
Maparamita anogadziriswa e laser spot welding anowanzo sanganisira simba re laser, nguva yekukwevera spot, uye huwandu hwe defocus. Pakukwevera spot uchishandisa pulse mode, maparamita anosanganisirawo pulse waveform, frequency, uye duty cycle. Pakati peizvi, simba re laser rinonyanya kukanganisa kudzika kwekupinda kwe weld spot, nepo nguva yekukwevera spot ine simba guru pahukuru hwe lateral hwe weld spot. Kazhinji, kana nguva ye laser action yakareba, saizi yepamusoro nepazasi pe weld spot yakakura uye saizi ye fusion surface. Shanduko mu defocus amount inonyanya kukanganisa dhayamita ye spot uye simba density ichishanda pamusoro pe workpiece surface, nokudaro iine simba guru pachimiro che weld spot yese.
Hunhu
- Nekushandisa laser senzvimbo yekupisa, welding yespot inopa kumhanya kwakanyanya, kunyatsojeka, kupisa kushoma, uye kushanduka kushoma kwebasa.
- Hunhu hwerusununguko munzvimbo dzekusonwa kwenzvimbo dzakaoma hunovandudzwa zvikuru, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzese dzisonwakwe uye zviite nyore nyore.kushongedza nzvimbo ine mativi maviri, nokudaro zvichiwedzera rusununguko rwekugadzira chigadzirwa.
- Kuwelda mapoinzi nelaser hakudiwi zvakanyanya pahukuru hwemapoinzi emakumbo. Pane zvirambidzo zvishoma pane zvinodiwa zvakaita sehuwandu hwemapoinzi emakumbo uye daro riri pakati pemapoinzi emakumbo, uye hapana chikonzero chekufunga nezvemhedzisiro ye current shunting.
- Pakusanganisa mapurati asina kuenzana pakukora, zvinhu zvakasiyana, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha (aruminiyamu alloys, machira egalvanized), kusanganisa mapoinzi nelaser kunoshanda zviri nani pane nzira dzechinyakare dzekubatanidza mapoinzi.
- Hazvidi michina yakawanda yekubatsira, zvinogona kukurumidza kuchinja zvichienderana nekuchinja kwechigadzirwa, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa pamusika.
II. Kuongororwa Kwakakwana Kwekukwesha Kwemapombi ELaser
Maburi, maburi, uye kudonha ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera zvikanganiso mu laser spot welding, izvo zvinoongororwa chimwe nechimwe pazasi.
1. Mitswe
Mitswe yakakamurwa kuita mitswe yepamusoro uye mitswe yakarebesa. Mwero wekupisa nekutonhodza panguva yekucheka mapoinzi nelaser inokurumidza zvikuru, zvichikonzera kupisa kukuru pakati penzvimbo inopisa nesimbi yakapoteredza, izvo zvinotungamira nyore nyore pakuumbwa kwemitswe. Kuitika kwemitswe kwakabatana zvakanyanya nezvinhu; semuenzaniso, alloys dzealuminium dzine katsika kekutsemuka panguva yekucheka mapoinzi nelaser kupfuura simbi isina ngura. Nzira inoshanda yekudzivisa kuumbwa kwemitswe ndeyekugadzirisa pulse waveform kuti idzore mwero wekutonhodza kwemaitiro ekusimba kwesimbi uye kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati.
2. Maburi
Maburi madiki (maburi) ari mu laser spot welds anogona kukamurwa kuita maburi madiki nemaburi makuru. Maburi madiki anonyanya kukonzerwa nekuderera kwekunyungudika kwehydrogen mu liquid metal panguva yekusimba kwesimbi, pamwe nekubuda kwesimbi nekukurumidza mu keyhole uye kukanganiswa kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Maburi makuru anonyanya kukonzerwa nekutonhora kwakanyanya panguva ye laser spot welding, izvo zvinosiya nguva yakakwana yekuti simbi yakatenderedza keyhole idzoke kumashure. Kazhinji, maburi madiki anowanzo kuumbwa mu long-pulse spot welding, nepo maburi makuru anogona kuitika mu short-pulse spot welding.
Kune nzvimbo mbiri uko maburi anowanzoonekwa mu laser spot welding: imwe iri pedyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza pakati penzvimbo yekubatanidza, uye imwe iri pamudzi we weld. Mifananidzo inonyunguduka yakatorwa neX-ray inoratidza kuti maburi ari pedyo nenzvimbo yekubatanidza anonyanya kukonzerwa nekuvharika kwemutsipa kana keyhole yavhara; kune maburi ari pamudzi we weld, anonyanya kuumbwa nekudonha kwekiyi gomba nekuda kwekutsakatika nekukurumidza kwe laser mushure mekuumbwa kwekiyi gomba.
3. Kudonha
Kudzika kwesimbi chinhu chinonyatsoonekwa mukukwesha kwesimbi nelaser. Kudzika kwesimbi pakati penzvimbo yesimbi uye kuungana kwesimbi kwakaipoteredza kunokonzerwa nesimba rekudzokera shure rinogadzirwa nekupfungaira kwesimbi inosundira simbi yemvura panzvimbo yesimbi. Munguva yekutonhora, simbi yakaungana pamusoro inooma nekukurumidza uye haigone kuzadzwa zvizere. Pamusoro pezvo, kurasikirwa nezvinhu kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwesimbi nekukurumidza uye kupararira kwesimbi chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kudzikira kwesimbi. Nguva yekurova kwesimbi ine simba guru pakudzika kwesimbi panzvimbo yesimbi uye kuumbwa kwemaburi. Nzvimbo dzesimbi dzinogutsa dzinogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa pulse waveform nenguva.
4. Mhedzisiro yeKubvisa Kutarisisa paMapoinzi eWeld
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwe defocus kunochinja zvakananga dhayamita yenzvimbo uye huwandu hwesimba. Kana huwandu hwe defocus hukawedzera munzira mbiri dzisina kunaka nedzinonaka, zvinoreva kuti dhayamita yenzvimbo inowedzera uye huwandu hwesimba hunoderera. Panguva yekusveta mapoinzi nelaser, pane hukama hwakati kuti huripo pakati pedhayamita yenzvimbo nehukuru hwegomba rekutanga rekiyi rakaumbwa nechiitiko chelaser pachimedu chekuyedza, nepo huwandu hwesimba huchitarisa mwero wekuwedzera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kana kukosha kwakakwana kwehuwandu hwe defocus kuri kudiki, dhayamita yenzvimbo yelaser iri diki, huwandu hwesimba relaser hwakakwira, uye mwero wekuwedzera wedziva rakanyungudutswa re weld unokurumidza, asi dhayamita yegomba rekutanga idiki. Kusiyana neizvi, kana huwandu hwe defocus hwakakura, dhayamita yegomba rekutanga yakakura, asi mwero wekuwedzera wedziva rakanyungudutswa unodzikira, uye saizi yenzvimbo ye weld inobuda inogona kunge isiri yakakura. Naizvozvo, panguva yekuchinja kwehuwandu hwe defocus, mhedzisiro yakazara yedhayamita yenzvimbo uye huwandu hwesimba repamusoro penzvimbo ye weld zvinosarudza saizi yenzvimbo ye weld.
III. Kushandiswa kweTekinoroji yeLaser Spot Welding
Kupinza mapoinzi neLaser kune kumhanya kwakanyanya, kudzika kukuru kwekupinda, kuchinjika kushoma, uye kunogona kuitwa patembiricha yemumba kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akakosha nemidziyo iri nyore yekupinza. Pamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwemalaser ekupisa ane frequency yakakwira (ane frequency yakakwira kupfuura 40 pulses pasekondi) kwakabvumira kushandiswa kwakakura kwekuisa mapoinzi nelaser mukuunganidza nekupinza zvinhu zvidiki nezvidiki mukugadzirwa otomatiki kwehukuru. Pakupinza zvinhu zvidiki zvemagetsi zvinoda nzvimbo diki inokanganiswa nekupisa—senge kubatana pakati pegirazi nesimbi, kubatana kwemajoini mumatunhu e semiconductor anonzwa kupisa, uye kubatana pakati pesimbi dzakasiyana muwaya—kuisa mapoinzi nelaser kune pundutso kupfuura maitiro echinyakare ekupinza mapoinzi (semuenzaniso, kuisa mapoinzi ne resistance spot), nekuisa mapoinzi pasina kusvibiswa uye kunaka kwekuisa mapoinzi. Mufananidzo 6-60 unoratidza muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwekuisa mapoinzi nelaser mukugadzira mwenje yemotokari: laser ye500W solid-state pulse inogadzira mapoinzi mana akafanana ekupinza mapoinzi ne frequency yakakwira kwazvo yekurova mapoinzi.
Pakuita welding yenzvimbo yakanyatsogadzirwa nemazvo pazvimiro zvidiki uchishandisa simba rekupisa rakawanda, ma laser eNd:YAG ane mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi uye ehupfumi. Mumashandisirwo mazhinji ewelding yenzvimbo mumaindasitiri, ma laser enzvimbo anoshandiswa nemazvo ane simba repakati re50W uye simba rekupisa ra> 2kW ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa. Laser inogona kushanda zvakananga pachinhu chebasa kuburikidza nefibers dzemaziso kana ma lenses akabatanidzwa.
Kubatanidza mapoinzi nelaser kunoshanda pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kana uchibatanidza mapoinzi nemabhatiri eLi, uchishandisa Nd:Tekinoroji yekuwedera yeYAG laser spotKubatanidza simbi dzakasiyana kunoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura TIG welding uye resistance spot welding. Kunyanya, sezvo optical fibers ichishandiswa kutumira lasers panguva yekugadzira, zviri nyore kufamba nekukurumidza uye nyore nyore pakati pemabhenji akasiyana-siyana ebasa.
Muchidimbu, laser spot welding ine zvinhu zvinotevera:
- Nekuwedzera kwesimba relaser, dhayamita yepamusoro penzvimbo yeweld inochinja-chinja, nepo dhayamita yepamusoro pefusion nepasi pevhu zvichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuchinja kwechimiro chechikamu chenzvimbo yeweld hakusi pachena. Sezvo nguva ichiwedzera, saizi yenzvimbo yeweld inowedzera nekukurumidza, uye mwero wekuchinja kwedhayamita yepamusoro pefusion wakakura kupfuura wedhayamita yepamusoro nepazasi pevhu. Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwe defocus kune simba guru pahukuru hwenzvimbo yeweld. Inochinja zvakananga dhayamita yenzvimbo uye density yesimba relaser, uye mhedzisiro yakazara yezvinhu izvi zviviri inosarudza saizi yenzvimbo yeweld.
- Kana ikapinda zvizere, pane kudzika kuri pachena pamusoro pe weld ye laser. Nekuwedzera kwesimba re laser uye nguva yaro, kudzika kwekudzika kwepamusoro pe weld spot kunowedzera. Kana kureba kwenguva kana saizi yemupata yakakura, nzvimbo yepasi inogonawo kuratidza kudzika.
- Sezvo mukaha uchiwedzera, kuchinja kwenzvimbo yekuweld, kudzika kwepakati, uye kumira kwechinhu kunova pachena. Nzvimbo yekusanganiswa inodzikira, uye simba rinodzikira nekukurumidza. Parizvino, mukuweldwa kwema resistors, mabhatiri, uye munda wemagetsi, maitiro ekuweldwa kwenzvimbo mbiri panguva imwe chete anowanzo shandiswa, izvo zvinowanzo shandiswa dhizaini ine masosi maviri echiedza chelaser.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-27-2025
