Nzira yekuwedera ine matanda maviri inokurudzirwa, kunyanya kugadzirisa kuchinjika kwewelding nelaserKugadzira nekururama, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemaitiro ekuwelda, uye kuvandudza mhando yeweld, kunyanya yekuwelda kweplate thin plate uye aluminium alloy welding. Kuwelda kwelaser ine double-beam kunogona kushandisa nzira dze optical kupatsanura laser imwechete kuita mwenje miviri yakasiyana yekuwelda. Inogona zvakare kushandisa mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzelaser kusanganisa, CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser uye high-power semiconductor laser. inogona kubatanidzwa. Nekuchinja simba remuti, nzvimbo yemuti, uye kunyange patani yekugovera simba yematanda maviri, nzvimbo yekupisa yewelding inogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore uye zvinochinjika, ichichinja patani yekuvapo kwemaburi uye patani yekuyerera kwesimbi yemvura mudziva rakanyungudutswa, zvichipa mhinduro iri nani yemaitiro ekuwelda. Nzvimbo yakakura yesarudzo haina kuenzana ne single-beam laser welding. Haingori chete nemabhenefiti ekupinda kukuru kwelaser welding, kumhanya nekukurumidza uye kunyatsojeka, asiwo ine mukana mukuru wekugadzirisa zvinhu nemajoini akaoma kuwelda newakajairika welaser welding.
Nheyo yewelding yelaser ine matanda maviri
Kubatanidza matanda maviri zvinoreva kushandisa matanda maviri elaser panguva imwe chete panguva yekusanganisa. Kurongeka kwematanda, nzvimbo yematanda, kona pakati pematanda maviri, nzvimbo yekutarisa uye chiyero chesimba chematanda maviri zvese zvinoenderana neparamita yekubatanidza matanda maviri elaser. Kazhinji, panguva yekusanganisa, kazhinji kune nzira mbiri dzekuronga matanda maviri. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, imwe yakarongwa mumutsara munzira yekusanganisa. Kurongeka uku kunogona kuderedza mwero wekutonhorera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kunoderedza maitiro ekuoma kwesimbi uye kugadzirwa kwemaburi. Chimwe ndechekuaronga padivi nepadivi kana kuyambuka kumativi ese esimbi kuti uvandudze kugona kuchinjika kune weld gap.
Nheyo yekushongedza nelaser ine matanda maviri
Kubatanidza matanda maviri zvinoreva kushandisa matanda maviri elaser panguva imwe chete panguva yekusanganisa. Kurongeka kwematanda, nzvimbo yematanda, kona pakati pematanda maviri, nzvimbo yekutarisa uye chiyero chesimba chematanda maviri zvese zvinoenderana neparamita yekubatanidza matanda maviri elaser. Kazhinji, panguva yekusanganisa, kazhinji kune nzira mbiri dzekuronga matanda maviri. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, imwe yakarongwa mumutsara munzira yekusanganisa. Kurongeka uku kunogona kuderedza mwero wekutonhorera kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Kunoderedza maitiro ekuoma kwesimbi uye kugadzirwa kwemaburi. Chimwe ndechekuaronga padivi nepadivi kana kuyambuka kumativi ese esimbi kuti uvandudze kugona kuchinjika kune weld gap.
Kune sisitimu yekuisa simbi yelaser ine matanda maviri yakarongeka, kune nzira nhatu dzakasiyana dzekuisa simbi zvichienderana nedaro riri pakati pematanda epamberi neekumashure, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
1. Mumhando yekutanga yekubatanidza, daro riri pakati pemarambi maviri echiedza rakakura. Danda rimwe rechiedza rine simba rakawanda uye rinotarisa pamusoro pebasa kuti ribudise maburi ekiyi mukubatanidza; rimwe danda rechiedza rine simba diki. Rinoshandiswa chete senzvimbo yekupisa yekurapa kupisa kwe pre-weld kana post-weld. Uchishandisa nzira iyi yekubatanidza, mwero wekutonhodza wedziva rekubatanidza unogona kudzorwa mukati meimwe nzvimbo, izvo zvinobatsira pakushongedza zvimwe zvinhu zvine kukanganiswa kwakanyanya, zvakaita sesimbi ine kabhoni yakawanda, simbi ye alloy, nezvimwewo, uye zvinogonawo kuvandudza kusimba kwekubatanidza.
2. Mumhando yechipiri yewelding mechanism, daro rekutarisa pakati pemwenje miviri yechiedza diki. Mwenje miviri yechiedza inoburitsa maburi maviri akazvimirira mudziva rekuwelding, izvo zvinoshandura maitiro ekuyerera kwesimbi yemvura uye zvinobatsira kudzivirira kubata. Zvinogona kubvisa kuitika kwezvikanganiso zvakaita semipendero uye bulges yeweld bead uye kuvandudza kuumbwa kweweld.
3. Mumhando yechitatu yewelding mechanism, daro riri pakati pemarambi maviri echiedza diki kwazvo. Panguva ino, marambi maviri echiedza anogadzira keyhole imwechete mudziva rekuwelding. Kana tichienzanisa ne single-beam laser welding, nekuti saizi yekeyhole inokura uye haisi nyore kuvhara, maitiro ekuwelding akasimba uye gasi rinobuda nyore, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza maburi nekupararira, uye kuwana ma welds anoramba aripo, akafanana uye akanaka.
Munguva yekupinza, matanda maviri elaser anogonawo kugadzirwa nekona yakati kwati ...
6. Nzira yekushandisa yekubatanidza laser ine matanda maviri
Kuwanikwa kwematanda maviri kunogona kuwanikwa nekubatanidza matanda maviri akasiyana elaser, kana kuti danda rimwe chete relaser rinogona kukamurwa kuita matanda maviri elaser ekuwelding uchishandisa system ye optical spectrometry. Kuti upatsanure danda rechiedza kuita matanda maviri elaser akafanana ane simba rakasiyana, spectroscope kana imwe system yakakosha ye optical inogona kushandiswa. Mufananidzo unoratidza madhayagiramu maviri e schematic e light splitting principles uchishandisa focusing mirror se beam splitters.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiratidziro chinogonawo kushandiswa sechinoparadzanisa danda, uye chiratidziro chekupedzisira munzira ye optical chinogona kushandiswa sechinoparadzanisa danda. Rudzi urwu rwechiratidziro chinonziwo chiratidziro chedenga. Nzvimbo yacho inopenya haisi nzvimbo yakati sandara, asi ine mapurani maviri. Mutsetse wepakati penzvimbo mbiri dzinopenya uri pakati pegirazi, zvakafanana nedenga remba, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Dara rechiedza chakafanana rinopenya pa spectroscope, rinoratidzwa nendege mbiri pamakona akasiyana kuti rigadzire matanda maviri echiedza, uye rinopenya panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzegirazi rinopenya. Mushure mekutarisa, matanda maviri echiedza anowanikwa padaro rakati pamusoro pebasa. Nekuchinja kona pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzinopenya nenzvimbo yedenga, matanda echiedza akapatsanurwa ane madaro akasiyana uye marongero anogona kuwanikwa.
Pakushandisa mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzematanda elaser tKana ukagadzira danda remaviri, kune misanganiswa yakawanda. Laser yeCO2 yemhando yepamusoro ine kugoverwa kwesimba reGaussian inogona kushandiswa pabasa guru rekushongedza, uye laser yesemiconductor ine kugoverwa kwesimba re rectangular inogona kushandiswa kubatsira pabasa rekurapa kupisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, musanganiswa uyu unodhura zvishoma. Kune rumwe rutivi, simba remwenje miviri yechiedza rinogona kugadziriswa rakazvimiririra. Kune mafomu akasiyana ekubatana, nzvimbo yekupisa inogadziriswa inogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa nzvimbo inopindirana yelaser nelaser yesemiconductor, iyo yakakodzera kwazvo kushongedza. Kudzora maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, laser yeYAG nelaser yeCO2 zvinogonawo kusanganiswa kuita danda remaviri rekushongedza, laser inoenderera mberi nelaser yepulse zvinogona kusanganiswa kuti zvisanganiswe pakushongedza, uye danda rakanangana nedanda rakabviswa pakushongedza zvinogonawo kusanganiswa kuti zvisanganiswe pakushongedza.
7. Nheyo yekushongedza nelaser ine matanda maviri
3.1 Kubatanidza machira egalvanized nelaser kaviri
Sheti resimbi rakarukwa ndiro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemotokari. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesimbi inenge iri pa1500°C, nepo nzvimbo yekufashaira yezinc iri pa906°C chete. Saka, kana uchishandisa nzira yekubatanidza welding, huwandu hwakawanda hwezinc hunowanzo gadzirwa, zvichiita kuti maitiro ekubatanidza asagadzikane. , zvichigadzira maburi mu weld. Kune majoini emakumbo, kuvhiringidzika kwe galvanized layer hakungoitiki chete pamusoro nepazasi, asiwo kunoitika pamusoro pejoint. Munguva yekubatanidza, zinc vapor inokurumidza kubuda pamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nepo mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakaoma kuti zinc vapor ibude mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Pamusoro pedziva, mhando yekubatanidza haina kugadzikana zvakanyanya.
Kupinza nelaser ine matanda maviri kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko emhando yewelding anokonzerwa nemhute yezinc. Imwe nzira ndeyekudzora nguva iripo uye mwero wekutonhodza kwedziva rakanyungudutswa nekuenzanisa simba rematanda maviri kuti zvive nyore kubuda kwemhute yezinc; imwe nzira ndeyekuburitsa mhute yezinc nekutanga kubhomba kana kugokora. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6-31, CO2 laser inoshandiswa pakupinza. YAG laser iri pamberi peCO2 laser uye inoshandiswa kuboora maburi kana kucheka migero. Maburi kana migero yakagadzirwa kare inopa nzira yekubuda kwemhute yezinc inogadzirwa panguva yekupinza inotevera, ichidzivirira kuti isarambe iri mudziva rakanyungudutswa uye igadzire zvikanganiso.
3.2 Kuwedera kwealuminium alloy nelaser ine matanda maviri
Nekuda kwehunhu hwakakosha hwezvinhu zvealuminium alloy, pane matambudziko anotevera pakushandisa laser welding [39]: aruminiyamu alloy ine mwero wakaderera wekunyudzwa kwelaser, uye kupenya kwekutanga kwe CO2 laser beam surface kunodarika 90%; aluminium alloy laser welding seams zviri nyore kugadzira Porosity, cracks; kupisa zvinhu zvealloy panguva yewelding, nezvimwewo. Paunenge uchishandisa single laser welding, zvakaoma kusimbisa keyhole uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana. Double-beam laser welding inogona kuwedzera saizi yekiyi, zvichiita kuti zviomere kuti keyhole ivhare, izvo zvinobatsira pakuburitsa gasi. Inogonawo kuderedza mwero wekutonhorera uye kuderedza kuitika kwema pores uye welding cracks. Sezvo maitiro ewelding akagadzikana uye huwandu hwe spatter huchidzikira, chimiro che weld chinowanikwa ne double-beam welding yearuminiyamu alloys chiri naniwo zvakanyanya pane che single-beam welding. Mufananidzo 6-32 unoratidza kutaridzika kwe weld seam ye 3mm thick aluminium alloy butt welding uchishandisa CO2 single-beam laser uye double-beam laser welding.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kana uchibatanidza 2mm ukobvu hwe5000 series aluminum alloy, kana daro riri pakati pematanda maviri riri 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, maitiro ekubatanidza akadzikama uye kuvhurwa kwekiyi kwakakura, izvo zvinoita kuti magnesium ibude uye ibude panguva yekubatanidza. Kana daro riri pakati pematanda maviri riri diki, maitiro ekubatanidza edanda rimwe chete haazodzikama. Kana daro riri guru, kupinda kwesimbi kuchakanganiswa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6-33. Pamusoro pezvo, chiyero chesimba chematanda maviri chinewo simba guru pamhando yekubatanidza. Kana matanda maviri ane spacing ye0.9mm akarongwa mumutsara wekubatanidza, simba redanda rekare rinofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera kuitira kuti chiyero chesimba chematanda maviri ari pamberi neanotevera chipfuure 1:1. Zvinobatsira kuvandudza mhando yesimbi yesimbi yesimbi, kuwedzera nzvimbo yekunyunguduka, uye kuwana simbi yesimbi yakatsetseka uye yakanaka kana kumhanya kwesimbi kwakakwira.
3.3 Kubatanidza mapuratifomu ane ukobvu husina kuenzana nematanda maviri
Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, zvinowanzodiwa kusanganisa mapurati esimbi maviri kana anopfuura ane ukobvu hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo akasiyana kuti pave neplate yakasanganiswa. Kunyanya mukugadzira mota, kushandiswa kwemablanks akasungirirwa akagadzirwa nemaoko kuri kuramba kuchipararira. Nekubatanidza mapurati ane zvirevo zvakasiyana, machira epamusoro kana hunhu, simba rinogona kuwedzerwa, zvinodyiwa zvinoderedzwa, uye hunhu huderedzwa. Kubatanidza mapurati emhando dzakasiyana ne laser kunowanzo shandiswa mukusanganisa mapaneru. Dambudziko guru nderekuti mapurati anofanira kusungirirwa anofanira kunge akagadzirwa nemapendero akanyatsojeka uye kuve nechokwadi chekuungana kwakanyatsojeka. Kushandiswa kwekubatanidza mapurati emhando mbiri emhando isina kuenzana kunogona kuchinjika kune shanduko dzakasiyana mumapurati, majoini emapato, ukobvu hwakafanana uye zvinhu zveplate. Inogona kusanganisa mapurati ane kushivirira kwakakura kwemucheto nepaburi uye kuvandudza kumhanya kwekushongedza uye hunhu hwekushongedza.
Maparamita makuru ekugadzirisa mapuratifomu asina kuenzana eShuangguangdong anogona kukamurwa kuita maparamita ekuwedzera uye maparamita ekuwedzera, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Maparamita ekuwedzera anosanganisira simba remaramita maviri elaser, kumhanya kwekuwedzera, nzvimbo yekutarisa, kona yemusoro wewelding, kona yekutenderera yedanda rekubatanidza bhandi re double-beam butt uye offset yekuwedzera, nezvimwewo. Maparamita ebhodhi anosanganisira saizi yezvinhu, mashandiro, mamiriro ekucheka, mipata yebhodhi, nezvimwewo. Simba remaramita maviri elaser rinogona kugadziriswa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekuwedzera. Nzvimbo yekutarisa inowanzo kuwanikwa pamusoro peplate tete kuti iwane maitiro ekuwedzera akagadzikana uye anoshanda. Akona yemusoro wewelding inowanzo sarudzwa kuti ive inenge 6. Kana ukobvu hwemapuratifomu maviri hwakakura, kona yemusoro wewelding yakanaka inogona kushandiswa, kureva kuti, laser inonamirwa kuplate tete, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo; kana ukobvu hweplate huri hudiki, kona yemusoro wewelding isina kunaka inogona kushandiswa. Offset yewelding inotsanangurwa sedaro riri pakati pekutarisa kwelaser nemupendero weplate gobvu. Nekugadzirisa offset yewelding, huwandu hwe weld dent hunogona kuderedzwa uye chikamu chakanaka cheweld chinogona kuwanikwa.
Pakusondera mapurati ane mipata mikuru, unogona kuwedzera dhayamita yekupisa yedanda nekutenderedza kona yematanda maviri kuti uwane kugona kwakanaka kwekuzadza mipata. Upamhi hwepamusoro peweld hunotsanangurwa nedhayamita yematanda maviri elaser, kureva kona yekutenderera yedanda. Kona yekutenderera yakakura, huwandu hwekudziya hwedanda rematanda maviri hwakafara, uye upamhi hwechikamu chepamusoro cheweld hwakakura. Matanda maviri elaser anoita mabasa akasiyana mukuita kwewelding. Rimwe rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupinda mumusono, nepo rimwe richinyanya kushandiswa kunyungudutsa zvinhu zveplate gobvu kuti zvizadze mukaha. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6-35, pasi pekona yekutenderera yedanda rakanaka (danda repamberi rinoshanda paplate gobvu, danda rekumashure rinoshanda paweld), danda repamberi rinoitika paplate gobvu kuti ripise nekunyungudutsa zvinhu, uye rinotevera. Beam relaser rinogadzira kupinda. Danda rekutanga relaser riri pamberi rinogona kunyungudutsa plate gobvu zvishoma, asi rinobatsira zvikuru mukuita kwewelding, nekuti haringonyungudi divi replate gobvu kuti rizadze gap zviri nani, asiwo rinobatanidza zvinhu zvejointi kuitira kuti matanda anotevera ave nyore kusanganisa nepakati pemajointi, zvichibvumira welding nekukurumidza. Mukusanganisa matanda maviri ane angle yekutenderera isina kutenderera (danda repamberi rinoshanda pa weld, uye danda rekumashure rinoshanda paplate gobvu), matanda maviri aya ane mhedzisiro yakapesana chaizvo. Danda rekutanga rinonyungudutsa jointi, uye danda rekupedzisira rinonyungudutsa plate gobvu kuti rizadze gap. Muchiitiko ichi, danda repamberi rinofanirwa kusanganisa nepakati peplate inotonhora, uye kumhanya kwewelding kunononoka pane kushandisa angle yekutenderera isina kutenderera isina kutenderera. Uye nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekupisa kwedanda rekare, danda rekupedzisira richanyungudutsa zvinhu zveplate gobvu zvakanyanya pasi pesimba rimwe chete. Muchiitiko ichi, simba redanda rekupedzisira relaser rinofanira kuderedzwa zvakakodzera. Mukuenzanisa, kushandisa angle yekutenderera isina kutenderera isina kutenderera kunogona kuwedzera kumhanya kwewelding zvakakodzera, uye kushandisa angle yekutenderera isina kutenderera isina kutenderera kunogona kuita kuti gap izare zviri nani. Mufananidzo 6-36 unoratidza simba remakona akasiyana ekutenderera kwedanda pachikamu cheweld.
3.4 Kubatanidza mapurati makuru nelaser kaviri. Nekuvandudzwa kwesimba relaser uye kunaka kwebhara, kusanganisa mapurati makuru nelaser kwave kuitika. Zvisinei, nekuti malaser ane simba guru anodhura uye kusanganisa mapurati makuru nelaser kunowanzo da simbi yekuzadza, pane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi pakugadzirwa chaiko. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza mapurati makuru nelaser hakungogone kuwedzera simba relaser chete, asiwo kuwedzera dhayamita yekupisa yebhara inoshanda, kuwedzera kugona kunyungudutsa waya yekuzadza, kudzikamisa keyhole yelaser, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwewelding, uye kuvandudza kunaka kwewelding.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-29-2024
