Kupinza simbi yelaser beam uye kupinza arc kwagara kuchishandiswa mukugadzira maindasitiri, uye kunobvumira kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mumunda we tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu. Imwe neimwe yeiyi nzira ine nzvimbo dzayo dzakananga dzekushandisa, sezvakatsanangurwa nemaitiro epanyama ekufambisa simba kuenda kubasa uye nekuyerera kwesimba kunogona kuwanikwa. Simba rinopfuudzwa kubva kunobva simbi yelaser kuenda kuzvinhu kuti zvigadzirwe kuburikidza nemwaranzi ine infrared coherent ine simba rakawanda, uchishandisa tambo ye fiber-optic. Arc inotumira kupisa kunodiwa pakupinza kuburikidza nemagetsi akawanda anoyerera kuenda kubasa kuburikidza nekoramu ye arc. Mwaranzi yelaser inotungamira kunzvimbo yakamanikana kwazvo ine kupisa ine chiyero chikuru chekudzika kwewelding kusvika pahupamhi hwemusono (deep-weld effect). Kugona kwekuvhara gap kwemaitiro ekupinza laser kwakaderera zvikuru, nekuda kwedhayamita yayo diki, asi kune rumwe rutivi inogona kusvika kumhanya kwakanyanya kwewelding. Maitiro ekupinza arc ane simba rakaderera, asi anokonzera nzvimbo yakakura pamusoro pebasa uye anozivikanwa nekumhanya kunonoka kwekugadzirisa. Nekubatanidza maitiro ese aya, kubatana kunobatsira kunogona kuwanikwa. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana zvese zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro uye mabhenefiti ekugadzira-injiniya, pamwe nekuvandudza mashandiro emari. Maitiro aya anopa mashandisirwo anonakidza uye anokwezva hupfumi, muindasitiri yemotokari, kunyanya nekuti kushivirira kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa pamichina yekubatanidza, mwero wepamusoro wekubatana unogoneka, uye maparameter akanaka kwazvo emakanika/tekinoroji anogona kuwanikwa.
1. Nhanganyaya:
Zvave zvichizivikanwa kuti zvinosanganiswa sei chiedza chelaser nearc mukuita welding yakasanganiswa kubvira kuma1970, asi kwenguva yakareba mushure meizvozvo, hapana rimwe basa rekuvandudza rakaitwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vaongorori vakatendeukira kunyaya iyi zvakare ndokuedza kubatanidza zvakanakira arc neizvo zvelaser, mu hybrid weld process. Kunyange zvazvo mumazuva ekutanga, manyuko elaser aifanira kuratidza kuti akakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri, mazuva ano ndiwo michina yetekinoroji yakajairika mumabhizinesi mazhinji ekugadzira.
Kusanganiswa kwe laser welding neimwe nzira ye weld kunonzi "hybrid welding process". Izvi zvinoreva kuti laser beam ne arc zvinoshanda panguva imwe chete munzvimbo imwe ye welding, uye zvinopesvedzerana uye zvinotsigirana.
2. Laser:
Kupinza neLaser hakudi simba reLaser rakawanda chete asiwo danda remhando yepamusoro kuti uwane "mhedzisiro yekudzikisa simbi" inodiwa. Hunhu hwedanda hwepamusoro hunogona kushandiswa kuwana dhayamita diki kana daro rakakura refocus.
Pamapurojekiti ekuvandudza ari kuenderera mberi parizvino, laser yakasimba inopombwa nerambi ine simba remwaranzi re4 kW iri kushandiswa. Mwenje we laser unopfuudzwa kuburikidza nefaibha yegirazi ye600 µm.
Mwenje welaser unopfuudzwa kuburikidza negirazi fiber, umo kutanga nekuguma zvinotonhodzwa nemvura. Danda relaser rinotaridzwa pabasa nefocussing module ine focus distance ye200 mm.
3. Maitiro eLaser Hybrid:
Pakushongedza simbi, danda reLaser reNd:YAG rinotarisa pahukuru hwepamusoro pe106W/cm2. Kana danda reLaser rikarova pamusoro pechinhu chacho, rinopisa nzvimbo iyi kusvika pakupisa kwekupwanya, uye gomba remhepo rinoumbwa musimbi yeWeld nekuda kwemhepo yesimbi inobuda. Chinhu chinosiyanisa danda reWeld ndechekuti rine kudzika kusvika paupamhi. Kuwanda kwesimba remagetsi emuchina wekupisa uri pamusoro pe104 W/cm2. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza musimboti wekutanga wehybrid welding. danda reLaser
Zvinoratidzwa pano zvinopa kupisa kusimbi yeweld iri pamusoro pemusono, pamwe nekupisa kubva kuarc. Kusiyana nekugadzirwa kwakatevedzana uko maitiro maviri akasiyana eweld anoshanda akatevedzana, welding yehybrid inogona kuonekwa semusanganiswa wemaitiro ese ari maviri eweld anoshanda panguva imwe chete munzvimbo imwe chete yeprocess. Zvichienderana nekuti ndeipi arc kana laser process inoshandiswa, uye pamatanho eprocess, maitiro acho achapesvedzerana kusvika pamwero wakasiyana uye nenzira dzakasiyana [1, 2].
Nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwemaitiro elaser uye maitiro e arc, kunewo kuwedzera kwekudzika kwekupinda kwe weld uye kumhanya kwe welding (zvichienzaniswa nechero yemaitiro anoshandiswa ega). Utsi hwesimbi hunobuda mu vapor cavity hunoshanda zvakare pa arc plasma. Kubatwa kwemwaranzi yelaser yeNd:YAG mu processing plasma kunoramba kuri kushoma. Zvichienderana nekuti ihupi hunhu hwesimba rinopinda hunoshandiswa, hunhu hwemaitiro ese hunogona kutsanangurwa kusvika padanho guru kana diki kungave nelaser kana ne arc [3,4].
Mufananidzo 1: Chiratidzo chemufananidzo: Kubatanidza LaserHybrid
Kutorwa kwemwaranzi yelaser kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekupisa kwenzvimbo yebasa. Kushandiswa kwelaser welding kusati kwatanga, kupenya kwekutanga kunofanira kutanga kwakundwa, kunyanya pamusoro pearuminiyamu. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekutanga welding nechirongwa chekutanga chakakosha. Mushure mekunge tembiricha yekupwanya yasvika, vapor cavity inoumbwa, zvichiita kuti simba rese remwaranzi rigone kupinda muchinhu chebasa. Simba rinodiwa pakuita izvi rinobva pakunyoroveswa kunoenderana netembiricha uye nehuwandu hwesimba rinorasika.
nekufambisa zvinhu muchikamu chebasa. Mukusanganisa LaserHybrid, kupiswa kwemhepo kunoitika kwete chete kubva pamusoro pechinhu chebasa asiwo kubva pawaya yekuzadza, zvichireva kuti kune utsi hwakawanda hwesimbi huripo, izvo zvinoita kuti chiedza chelaser chipinde. Izvi zvinodzivirirawo process dropout [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
4. Kushandiswa kwemotokari:
Nekushandisa tekinoroji yefuremu yemuchadenga, zvinokwanisika kuderedza huremu ne43% kana tichienzanisa nemuviri wemotokari yesimbi.
Mufananidzo 2: Audi Space furemu A2 pfungwa
Furemu yeAudi A2 Space ine 30 m Laser (mitsetse yeyero iri pamufananidzo wechipiri) uye kureba kwe20 m MIG weld. Pamusoro pezvo, ma rivets 1700 anoshandiswawo.
Mufananidzo 3: Kuenzanisa kwemaprofiles uye matekiniki ekubatanidza paAudi-A2
Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza chisungo cheLaserHybrid chakasungirirwa chechinhu chakaumbwa neALMg3 chine sheet material yeAlMgSi. Waya yekuzadza ndeyeAlSi5 uye gasi rekudzivirira rinoshandiswa ndiArgon. Nekuwedzera kwesimba relaser, kupinda kwakadzama kunogoneka. Kubatanidza danda relaser nearc nenzira iyi kunoita kuti dziva reweld rikure kupfuura nemaitiro eweld elaser beam yoga. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kusanganisa zvikamu zvine mipata yakafara.
Mufananidzo 4: Joinhi inopindirana ine mukaha we 0.5 mm
Muindasitiri yemotokari mune mashandisirwo akawanda ekubatanidza zvinhu zvisina kurongeka pasina kugadzirira majoini. Parizvino, nzira yepamusoro yebasa iri rekushongedza ndeyekubatanidza zvinhu nelaser newaya inotonhora, nekuda kwekupwanyika kweAA 6xxx alloy inopisa. Kana jointi yabatanidzwa newaya inozadza, simba rakawanda relaser rinorasika kuti tambo iyoyo inyungudike.
Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza musiyano uripo pakati peLaserHybrid neLaser welding pane imwe nzvimbo ine kumhanya kwewelding kwe2.4m/min. Panyaya yelaser welding, hapana mukana wekuzadza weld bead, uye undercut inogadzirwa. Zvakare, pane kupindira kudiki kwazvo mu base material. Upamhi hweweld bead hudiki kwazvo, saka simba rekudhonza rakaderera richatarisirwa. Panyaya yeLaserHybrid welding,
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotakurwa zvichiendeswa mudziva rekuwelda. Chikamu chinochekwa pasi chinozadzwa newaya kubva muMIG process, uye chikamu chesimba relaser chave kuchengetwa. Simba iri relaser rakachengetedzwa rinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kupinda kwechinhu chepasi uye upamhi hwemabead eweld hwakakura kupfuura ukobvu hwechinhu, izvo zvinodiwa kubva mukuenzanisa kwenhamba.
Mufananidzo 5 Kuenzanisa pakati peLaserHybrid neLaser welding isina waya yekuzadza
Nekushandisa nzira yekubatanidza yeLaserHybrid, zvinokwanisika kusanganisa zvinhu zveAruminiyamu, simbi nesimbi dzisina ngura kubva paukobvu hwezvinhu hunosvika 4 mm. Kana ukobvu hwacho hwakanyanya, hazvigoneke kupinda mukati mechinhu chose. Pakubatanidza zvinhu zvakaputirwa neZinc, zvinokurudzirwawo kushandisa nzira yekuisa laser.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa mumotokari zvinosanganisira zvitima zvemagetsi, maekisi uye miviri yemotokari, uko nzira yekubatanidza laser hybrid inogona kukodzera.
Musoro wekunamira:
Musoro we welding unofanira kunge uine saizi diki dzejometri, kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuwana zvinhu zvinosungirirwa, kunyanya mumunda we auto-body. Uyezve, unofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ubvumire kubatana kwakakodzera kunobva kune musoro we robot uye kugadziriswa kwemaitiro akadai se focal distance, uye torch stand-off distances munzvimbo dzese dzeCartesian. Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza musoro we welding, panguva iyo maitiro ari kushanda. Kupararira kunoitika panguva ye welding kunotungamira mukuwedzera kusvibiswa kwegirazi rinodzivirira. Girazi re quartz rakaputirwa kumativi ese nechinhu chinodzivirira kupenya uye chinangwa chekudzivirira laser optical system kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekusviba, kusviba kuri kuungana pagirazi kunogona kukonzera kuti simba relaser rinobaya pabasa riderere kusvika 90%. Kusviba kwakanyanya kunowanzoita kuti girazi rinodzivirira riparare, sezvo chikamu chikuru chesimba rinopenya chinotorwa negirazi pacharo, zvichikonzera kushushikana kwekupisa mugirazi. Nemusoro wewelding nemidziyo yewelding, zvinokwanisika kuishandisa paLaserHybrid welding, laser welding, MSG welding uyeLaser Hot waya brazing.
Mufananidzo 6: Musoro wekunamira uye maitiro
5. Mabhenefiti eLaser Hybrid welding:
Mabhenefiti anotevera anokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwe arc ne laser beam: Mabhenefiti e LaserHybrid welding pamusoro pe laser welding:
• kugadzikana kwepamusoro kwemaitiro
• kugona kudzikamisa mabhiriji zvakanyanya
• kupinda mukati memvura
• mari shoma yekudyara mari
• kugona kukuru
Mabhenefiti eLaserHybrid welding pane MIG welding:
• kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekushongedza
• kupinda kwakadzika pakumhanya kwakanyanya kwekunamira
• kupinza kwekupisa kwakaderera
• simba rakakwirira rekusimba
• misono yakatetepa yeweld
Mufananidzo 7: Mabhenefiti ekubatanidza maitiro maviri aya
Maitiro ekubatanidza arc anozivikanwa nekushandisa simba shoma, kugona kuringana kwebhiriji uye nzvimbo yekuchinja chimiro nekuwedzera simbi dzinozadza. Zvinhu zvinosiyanisa maitiro ekubatanidza laser beam, kune rumwe rutivi, kudzika kukuru kwekubatanidza, kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekubatanidza, mutoro wakaderera wekupisa uye mitsetse yakamanikana yekubatanidza iyo inowana. Pamusoro pehuwandu hwematanda, laser beam inogadzira "mhedzisiro yakadzika yekubatanidza" muzvinhu zvesimbi zvinoita kuti zvikamu zvine ukobvu hwakakura hwemadziro zvibatanidzwe - chero bedzi simba re laser rakakwira zvakakwana. Kubatanidza Laser Hybrid saka kunoita kuti kumhanya kwekubatanidza kuve kwakakwira, kugadzikana kwemaitiro nekuda kwekudyidzana pakati pearc nelaser beam, kuwedzera kushanda kwekupisa uye kushivirira kukuru kwezvimedu zvebasa. Nekuti dziva rekubatanidza weld diki pane muMIG process, hapana kupinda kwekupisa kwakawanda uye nokudaro nzvimbo diki inokanganiswa nekupisa. Izvi zvinoreva kushomeka kwekubatanidza
kukanganisa, izvo zvinoderedza huwandu hwebasa rinozotevera rekutwasanudza mushure mekuweld rinoda kuitwa.
Kana paine madziva maviri akasiyana ekuweld, kupinza kwekupisa kunotevera kubva muarc kunoreva kuti danda relaser - nzvimbo yakaweldwa - kunyanya kana iri simbi - rinopihwa kurapwa kwekudziya mushure mekuweld, zvichiparadzira kukosha kwekuomarara zvakaenzana pamusungo. Mufananidzo 6 unotsanangura zvakanakira maitiro akabatanidzwa (kureva mahybrid).
Tichitarisa zvakanakira zvehupfumi zvehybrid welding pane laser welding, zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa: Musono we weld une chikamu che laser weld uye chikamu cheMIG weld. Maitiro ehybrid anoita kuti zvikwanisike kuderedza simba re laser beam, zvichireva kuti kushandiswa kwesimba kwe laser source kunogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo laser beam apparatus ine kushanda kwe3% chete. Nemamwe mashoko: Kuderedzwa kwe1 kW musimba re laser beam rinobata pa workpiece kunotungamira kukudzikiswa kweinenge 35 kVA musimba rinoshandiswa kubva kumain mains emagetsi.
Muchina we laser beam unodhura anenge 0.1 m pa 1 kW yega yegasimba remwaranzi relaserSemuenzaniso mumwe chete, kana kushandiswa kwenzira yehybrid kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kushandisa mudziyo we2 kW laser beam pachinzvimbo cheune simba re4 kW rebeam, izvi zvinoita kuti mari yekudyara ichengetedzeke neEUR 0.2 m. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa pano kuti panzira yehybrid, muchina weMIG unodhura EUR 20,000 uchadiwa.
Nekuda kwekumhanya kwakanyanya kwekupinza, nguva yekugadzira uye mitengo yekupinza zvinogona kuderedzwa.
6. Kubata kweLaserHotwire:
Imwe nzira yekubatanidza danda relaser newaya yekuzadza ndeye maitiro eLaserHotwire [10]. Mukuita uku waya yekuzadza inopiswa nemagetsi akafanana, ayo anogona kushandiswa kuneMaitiro ekushongedza Laser HybridWaya yekuzadza ine simba remagetsi kubva pa100 A kusvika pa220 A. Kumhanya kwewaya kunoenderana nechikamu chebrazing bead uye kumhanya kwebrazing. Brazing inopa, kuburikidza nehuwandu hwesimbi yekuzadza, chinhu chekuumba chinogona kupedzwa zviri nyore kupfuura misungo yeweld yakafanana. Kuburikidza nebrazing yezvikamu zvemachira, basa rekugadzirisa rinogona kuitwa nenzira iri nyore kupfuura zvazvingave zvakaita nemajoini akasungirirwa. Imwe mukana webrazing yeLaserHotwire ndeyekudzivirira ngura kwakanaka kwenzvimbo yakasungirirwa.
Sesimbi dzinozadza, zvinhu zvakachipa zvemhangura zvakaita seSG-CuSi3 zvinoshandiswa uye Argon inoshanda segasi rinodzivirira.
Mufananidzo 8: Kumiririrwa kwechirongwaLaser Hot waya brazing:
Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza chikamu chechinhu chakaputirwa neLaser Hot wire. Chinhu chakaputirwa nezinc chakaputirwa nekumhanya kwe3 m/min uye waya yekuzadza ine mutoro wemagetsi we205 A. Kupisa kwakaderera zvikuru, saka kukanganisa kwakaderera ndiko kunokonzerwa nemaitiro ekugadzira brazing.
7. Pfupiso:
Kuwedera kweLaser Hybrid tekinoroji itsva inopa hukama munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira simbi, kunyanya uko zvisingaite kana kuti zvisina mari yekuwana mhedzisiro inodiwa pakugadzira simbi.welding yelaser dandaKushandiswa kwakakura uye kugona kukuru kwemaitiro akabatanidzwa kunotungamira mukukwikwidzana kwakanyanya maererano nekudzikira kwemari inoshandiswa mukudyara, nguva pfupi yekugadzira, mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira uye kubereka kwakanyanya.
Maitiro eLaserHybrid anopawo nzira itsva yekusanganisa aluminium. Zvisinei, maitiro akagadzikana anogona kushandiswa mukuita akangove anogoneka munguva pfupi yapfuura, nekuda kwesimba guru remagetsi e-solid-state lasers. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaongorora hwaro hwemaitiro ekubatanidza laser-arc-hybrid. Nekuti "maitiro ekubatanidza hybrid", tinoreva kusanganiswa kwekubatanidza laserbeam uye maitiro ekubatanidza arc, nechikamu chimwe chete chemaitiro (plasma uye melt). Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaratidza kuti maitiro anogoneka umo - nekubatanidza maitiro maviri - kubatana kunogona kuwanikwa uye zvipingamupinyi zvemaitiro ese akasiyana zvinogona kubhadharwa, zvichikonzera mikana yekuwedzera yekubatanidza, kuchinjika uye kuvimbika kwekubatanidza kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuvaka. Kunyanya, izvi zvakaratidzwa kune alloys dzealuminium. Nekusarudza ma parameter akanaka ekugadzirisa, zvinokwanisika kukanganisa hunhu hweweld senge geometry uye chimiro chechimiro. Maitiro ekubatanidza arc anowedzera kugona kwekubatanidza nekuwedzera simbi yekuzadza; inosarudzawo upamhi hweweld-seam uye nokudaro inoderedza huwandu hwekugadzirira kweworkpiece inodiwa. Uyezve, kudyidzana kuri kuitika pakati pemaitiro aya kunoita kuti pave nekuwedzera kukuru kwekushanda kwemaitiro aya. Maitiro aya ekubatanidza anodawo mari shoma yekudyara pane maitiro ekugadzira ne laser welding.
Maitiro eLaser Hot wire brazing anogona kushandiswa kunyanya pazvinhu zvakaputirwa ne zinc kuti zvirambe zvakanaka pakuora.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-18-2025
