Kuungana Kwekushongedza
1. Musiyano weKuungana uye Kusarongeka
Hunhu hwekubatanidza hwakakosha pakuona kuti welding yakanaka. Maburi akawanda ekubatanidza kana kusarongeka zvakanaka zvinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvakaita sekutsva, kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwe weld, uye kupinda zvisina kukwana. Maburi ekubatanidza e fillet nemagumbo anofanira kunge madiki sezvinobvira. Tafura 8-2 inonyora zvinodiwa kuti maburi uye kusarongeka zvakanaka mu welding ye laser autogenous inobatwa nemaoko.
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti workpiece yakakura, kuderedza kushanduka, uye kudzivirira kusarongeka kwenzvimbo inofanira kusungirirwa nekuda kwekushanduka kwe torsional panguva yekushongedza, kushongedza tack kunowanzo dikanwa usati washongedza. Nzira imwecheteyo yekushongedza formal inoshandiswa pakushongedza tack. Kureba kwetack welds i20–30mm, uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvetack welds (semuenzaniso, kudzika kwekupinda nehupamhi) zvakaderera pane zvekugadzira formal welding. Kumhanya kwekufamba nekukurumidza kunowanzo shandiswa pakushongedza tack pane kugadzira formal welding. Pachinangwa chekuona kubatana kwakavimbika kwetack welds, kushongedza tack welds kunofanirwa kunge kwakatetepa, kwakareba, uye kwakatetepa, uye hakufanirwe kunge kwakakura zvakanyanya, kwakafara, kana kwakakwirira. Kushongedza tack welds kunodawo dziviriro yakakwana kudzivirira oxidation.
3. Zvigadziko uye Zvisungo
Kuwedera neLaser kunonyanya kushandiswakusona kweplate yakatetepa. Mukusanganisa simbi dzakatetepa, kusanganisa kunowanzoitwa kumberi kwechinhu chebasa, nekunyunguduka kwakakwana kudivi rekumashure kuti pave nekusanganisa kwakanaka kwemashure. Pakusarudza ma parameter: kupisa kushoma kunogona kukonzera kusanganiswa kusina kukwana kuseri; kupisa kwakanyanya, uku uchiita kuti kupinde kwakazara kuseri, kunogona kutungamira mukutsva nekuda kwekukweva kwesimbi yakanyunguduka kana upamhi hwekunyunguduka husina kuenzana kana tichienzanisa nehukobvu hwechinhu chebasa. Kudzivirira kupisa, kana chinhu chebasa chichibvumira kunamatira, zvinhu zvebasa zvinofanirwa kushandiswa kunamatira chinhu chebasa panguva yekusanganisa simbi dzakatetepa—kudzvanya kudivi rekumberi uye kuisa ndiro yemhangura kana yesimbi isina ngura kudivi rekumashure. Izvi zvinodzivirira shanduko mumakomba ekubatanidza kana kusarongeka kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwesimbi uye kudzivirira kuparara kwekupisa. Kana chinhu chebasa chiine kupisa kusina kuenzana munzvimbo dzakasiyana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechimiro, kushandisa zvinhu zvebasa kuyera kupisa kunoshandawo, nechinangwa chekugadzira zvinhu zvesimbi zvine saizi dzakafanana kumberi nekumashure.
Kusarudzwa kweMaparamita Ekukwevera
Kazhinji, zviyero zve laser welding zvinosanganisira simba re laser, upamhi hwe laser pulse, huwandu hwe defocus, kumhanya kwe welding, uye gasi rekudzivirira.
1. Simba reLaser
Kune huwandu hwesimba relaser mu laser welding. Pasi pemuganhu uyu, kudzika kwekupinda kwakadzika kushoma; kana kwasvika kana kudarika, kudzika kwekupinda kwacho kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Plasma inogadzirwa chete kana huwandu hwesimba relaser pa workpiece hwapfuura kudzika, zvichiratidza kudzika kwekupinda kwakadzika. Pasi pemuganhu, kunyunguduka kwepamusoro chete kunoitika (kudzika kwekupisa kwakasimba). Pedyo nemamiriro akakosha ekuumbwa kwekiyi, kudzika kwekupinda kwakadzika uye kuchinjika kwekupisa, zvichikonzera maitiro asina kugadzikana ane kuchinja kukuru muhukuru hwekupinda. Simba relaser ndeimwe yematanho akakosha mukugadzirisa laser uye chinhu chakakosha chinoratidza kudzika kwekupinda kwe weld. Kune dhayamita yenzvimbo yakatarwa, kudzika kwesimba relaser kunoenderana nesimba relaser: simba rakawanda rinowedzera kudzika kwekupinda nekumhanya kwewelding. Zvisinei, simba rakawandisa rinokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, rinowedzera upamhi hwe weld uye nzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa (HAZ), uye rinotungamira kune spatter yakawanda, iyo inogona kusvibisa lens ye welding. Nesimba rakakwirira, chikamu chepamusoro chinogona kupiswa kusvika pakufashaira uye kupiswa zvakanyanya mukati me microseconds, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera maitiro ekubvisa zvinhu zvakaita sekuboora, kucheka, uye kuveza. Nesimba shoma, pamusoro pemvura panotora mamilisekonzi mashoma kuti pasvike pakufashaira, uye pasi pemvura panonyunguduka usati wapisa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuwirirana kwakanaka.
2. Upamhi hweLaser Pulse
Upamhi hwepulse yeLaser, kana kuti "upamhi hwepulse," chinhu chakakosha mukuputira laser. Hunoonekwa nekudzika kwekupinda uye HAZ: upamhi hwepulse hwakareba hunowedzera HAZ, uye kudzika kwekupinda kunowedzera ne square root ye pulse width. Zvisinei, upamhi hwepulse hwakareba hunoderedza simba repamusoro, saka hunowanzo shandiswa pakuputira kupisa, zvichigadzira welds dzakafara, dzisina kudzika—kunyanya dzakakodzera majoini e lap plates matete uye makobvu. Zvisinei, simba re peak rakaderera rinokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya, uye chinhu chega chega chine upamhi hwepulse hwakanyanya kuti hupinde hwakanyanya.
3.Sarudzo yeHuwandu hweDefocus
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakatarisana yakakosha muwelding yekubatanidza nelaserKana chinhu chiri pamusoro penzvimbo yebasa, kudzika kwekupinda kudiki, zvichiita kuti kupinza kwakadzika kuve kwakaoma. Kana chinhu chiri pasi penzvimbo, huwandu hwesimba mukati menzvimbo yebasa hwakakwira kupfuura pamusoro, zvichikurudzira kunyunguduka kwakasimba uye kupfuta, zvichiita kuti simba rienderere mukati menzvimbo yebasa uye kuwedzera kudzika kwekupinda. Kune nzira mbiri dzekubvisa kufocus: positive defocus (nzvimbo iri pamusoro penzvimbo yebasa) uye negative defocus (nzvimbo iri pasi penzvimbo yebasa). Mukuita, kune maplate makobvu anoda kudzika kukuru kwekupinda, negative defocus inoshandiswa, nelaser focus inowanzo 1–2mm pasi penzvimbo yebasa. Kune maplate matete, positive defocus inosarudzwa, ne focus 1–1.5mm pamusoro penzvimbo.
4. Kumhanya Kwekushongedza
Kana paine mamwe ma parameter akagadziriswa, hudzamu hwekupinda hunoderera sezvo kumhanya kwewelding kuchiwedzera, nepo kushanda zvakanaka kuchivandudzika. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunokundikana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekupinda; kumhanya kwakaderera zvakanyanya kunokonzera kunyunguduka kwakanyanya, kupwanya kwakafara, kupisa kwakanyanya kweHAZ, uye kuwedzera kwekupisa.welding nelaser yakapwanywa, kumhanya kunoenderanawo nekufamba kwenguva refu kwekurova kwemoyo uye nzvimbo inodiwa inopindirana—nzvimbo yega yega inotevera inofanira kupindirana kusvika pamwero wakati. Saka, kune simba relaser rakapihwa uye ukobvu hwezvinhu, kune nzvimbo yekumhanya yakakwana, umo kudzika kwakanyanya kunowanikwa nekumhanya kwakatarwa.
5. Gasi Rinodzivirira
Magasi asina simba anowanzo shandiswa kuchengetedza dziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yekusveta nelaser. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinhu zvingasada dziviriro kubva pakusveta pamusoro, mashandisirwo mazhinji anoda. Kazhinji, Ar, N₂, naHe zvinoshandiswa pakusveta nelaser yealuminium alloy kudzivirira kusveta. Mupfungwa, ndiye akareruka zvikuru ane simba repamusoro reionization, asi nesimba rakaderera uye kumhanya kwakanyanya, plasma haina simba, zvichideredza mutsauko uripo pakati pemagasi. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti pasi pemamiriro akafanana, N₂ inokonzera nyore nyore kuumbwa kwekiyi nekuda kwekuita kwe exothermic neAl; maAl-NO ternary compounds anobuda ane laser absorption yakakwira. Zvisinei, N₂ yakachena inogadzira brittle Al-N phases uye pores mu welds. Magasi asina simba, ari akareruka, anobuda pasina kukonzera pores, zvichiita kuti magasi akasanganiswa ave anoshanda zvakanyanya. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, tsvakiridzo paAl laser welding uchishandisa Ar-O₂ naN₂-O₂ mixtures yakawedzera.
6. Kunyudzwa kwezvinhu
Kutorwa kwesimba relaser nezvinhu zvinoenderana nemaitiro akadai sekutorwa kwesimba, kupenya kwechiedza, kufambiswa kwesimba rekupisa, tembiricha yekunyunguduka, uye tembiricha yekubuda kwemvura, uye kutorwa kwesimba iri ndiko kwakanyanya kukosha. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kutorwa kwesimba relaser zvinosanganisira:
Kudzivirira kwemagetsi: Kune nzvimbo dzakaposhwa, kunyudzwa kunoenderana nemidzi yekudzivirira, iyo inosiyana zvichienderana nekupisa.
Mamiriro epamusoro: Zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunyudzwa kwemvura uye nekudaro mhedzisiro yekunamira.
Mazano Ekushandisa uye Matanho Ekushandisa Fiber Laser Welding Nemaoko
1.Dzivisa Arc Radiation
Vachina vekuisa fiber laser vanobatwa nemaokoshandisai kirasi yechina fiber lasers inoburitsa (1080±3)nm radiation ine simba rekuburitsa rinodarika 1000W (zvichienderana nemuenzaniso). Kuratidzwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kunogona kukuvadza maziso kana ganda. Kunyangwe zvisingaonekwe, danda rinogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingagadzirisike kune retina kana cornea. Gara uchipfeka magirazi ekuchengetedza elaser ane certification kana laser iri kushanda. Usambotarisa zvakananga kumusoro wekuburitsa apo laser iri kushanda, kunyangwe nemagirazi ekudzivirira.
2. Kugadzirisa Maparamita Ekukwevera
Isa simba relaser shoma pa touchscreen (sezvinoratidzwa paMufananidzo 8-2). Isa muromo wemhangura wemusoro we welding pa workpiece wodzvanya torch switch kuti ubudise laser yekuwelding. Zvakajairika: frequency yelaser 5000Hz, galvanometer speed 300–600, gas delay >100ms, 100% duty cycle kuti irambe ichibuda. Gadzirisa upamhi hwe weld zvichibva pamipata ye assembly; simba rinogona kugadziriswa kubva pa 0–1000W (0–100% ye maximum). Mushure mekuisa ma parameter, tinya "OK" wochengeta kuti ma settings atange kushanda.
4. Usawedzere Kumhanya Kwekushongedza Zvikuru
Maweld anoumbwa nekufambisa sosi yelaser (ona Mufananidzo 8-3). Kudzika nehupamhi zvinoenderana nekumhanya nesimba, nekumhanya kwakajairika kwe1–3 m/min, zvichigadzira nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, dzisina scale dzine aspect ratio <1. Kune fixed current uye voltage, kuchinja kumhanya kunokanganisa zvakananga kupisa, kuchinja kupinda nehupamhi. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunokonzera kupisa kusina kukwana, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekupinda, kutetepa, kuderera kwekucheka, maburi, uye kupinda kusina kukwana.
Kuchenesa nemidziyo: Shandisa mabhurashi esimbi isina ngura kana mavhiri emhepo kubvisa maoxide kusvika apera zvakanaka. Weld nekukurumidza mushure mekukwesha; pukuta zvakare kana welding ikanonoka kupfuura maawa makumi matatu nematanhatu.
Kuchenesa makemikari: Bvisa ma oxide uchishandisa maitiro emakemikari (nzira dzinosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu). Tafura 8-3 inonyora nzira dzekuchenesa makemikari dzearuminiyamu alloys. Bvisa mafuta/guruva nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa (peturu, isopropyl alcohol) nekunyika, kupukuta, uye kuomesa.
5. Deredza Kuyerera Kwemvura
Maburi ehydrogen anowanikwa mu aluminium alloy laser welding. Deredza kuaderedza nekubvisa hunyoro hwepamusoro, mafuta, uye ma oxides. Kuwedzera nguva yekutonhodza dziva rakanyungudutswa (nekuwedzera upamhi hwe pulse) kunobatsira magasi kubuda, sezvo laser welding inokurumidza kupisa inoderedza kuburitswa kwegasi. Dzivisa nzvimbo dzakanangana kana dzisina kujeka, uko maitiro edziva rakanyungudutswa zvakanyanya uye kupfumbuka kwe alloy kunowedzera kupfumbuka; shandisa simba rakapfava kuburikidza ne adjusted defocus kuderedza kupfumbuka.
6. Chenjerera Kubata Torch
Matochi elaser anobatwa nemaoko (ona Mufananidzo 8-4) anorema kupfuura matochi eTIG uye ane tambo dzakakora, zvichikonzera kuneta kwemushandisi. Pakushongedza kwenguva refu, bata tochi nemaoko ese ari maviri, chengeta nozzle iri padivi pechinhu chebasa, tarisa weld yacho nemaziso, uye dhonza tochi yacho zvishoma nezvishoma uchienda kwairi. Gadzirisa chimiro chayo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushongedza kuti uderedze kuneta uye huwandu hwemajoini.
7.Dzivirira Kukuvara neLaser
Kushanda zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera tsaona. Tevedzera mitemo iyi:
Usambofa wakatarisa musoro we laser unobuda panguva yekushanda.
Usashandisemalaser efaibhamunzvimbo dzisina chiedza/dzakasviba.
Usambofa wakanangisa tochi kuvanhu kana mudziyo wacho uchishanda.
Shandisa zvidziviriro zvesimbi zviri mukati memamita matatu kubva panzvimbo yekunamira.
Chengetedza mukana wekupinda munzvimbo yekuwedera kune vanoisa michina chete.
Pfekai zvinhu zvekudzivirira (magogorosi, masiki, magirovhosi ane certification). Musambofa makatarisa musoro wemuchina wekuburitsa magogorosi paunenge wakabatidzwa nelaser, kunyangwe muine magogorosi.
Bata tochi netambo nokungwarira (nzvimbo yekukombama yakaderera kupfuura 200mm).
Dzima kiyi ye laser emission kana isiri kushandiswa.
Iva nechokwadi chekuti muromo wemuromo une mhando yepamusoro kuti udzivirire gasi zvinobudirira:
Madziro emukati akapfava, akanyatsogadzirwa nelaser.
Tsiva ma nozzles akaremara nekukurumidza kuti mwenje urambe wakadzikama.
Saizi yekuvhura kwemunozvu (ona Mufananidzo 8-6) inokanganisa kunaka kweweld: maburi makuru anowedzera kuyerera kwegasi, zvichikurumidzisa kuoma uye zvinowedzera njodzi dzekutsemuka/kutsemuka.
8.Dzivisa Kumhanya Kwakanyanya KwemaCrack-Sensitive Alloys
Kushongedza nelaser inobatwa nemaokoinoshandisa marambi egalvanometer anozvigadzira ega, asina waya, uye anotenderera. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunoderedza kupinda kwechinhu, kunonamira, kunokonzera kuchekwa, uye kukanganisa kufukidzwa kwegasi rinovharira, zvichiwedzera dziviriro. Shandisa kumhanya kwakaderera kune ma alloys anonzwa kutsemuka.
9. Iva nechokwadi chekuti majoini akabatana
Kusiyana kwekupisa uye welding isina waya zvinogona kukonzera kutsva, maburi, kana kuputika kwegomba. Welding nguva dzose kuderedza kumira; kana kumira kusingadzivisike (semuenzaniso, kuchinja kwenzvimbo, welding yakapatsanurwa), nonoka zvishoma (10mm) usati wamira kudzivirira maburi. Dzorerazve 20mm kumashure kwegomba rekare kuti rienderane uye rive rakanaka.
10. Tevedzera Kufamba Kwakakodzera kweTochi
Dhonza tochi uchienda kwauri (kubva kure kusvika pedyo) pasina kutenderera kwemativi. Ramba uchimhanya zvakadzikama uchitarisa kuumbwa kwe weld nguva dzose. Pakushongedza mativi, shandisa kufamba uchidzika (kwete kumusoro) kuti ushandise kusimba nekukurumidza uye uve nechokwadi chekufamba kwakasimba.
11. Dzivisa Kuchekwa Zvishoma, Zvidimbu Zvidiki, uye Kuputsika muLap Welds
Pakupinza makumbo, gadzirisa angle yelaser incidence kuitira kuti galvanometer ifukidze 2/3 yeplate yakamira (ona Mufananidzo 8-7). Izvi zvinonyungudutsa plate yakamira (sefiller) uye 1/3 yeplate yepasi kuburikidza nekupisa, zvichiita weld yakakura zvakakwana mushure mekutonhora. Kupinza makumbo zvisina kunaka kunopedza simba remajoini, kunoderedza kupwanyika, kana kukonzera kutadza kwechimiro—dzivisa kuchekwa.
12. Deredza Kupenya MuAluminium Alloy Welding
Aruminiyamu inoratidza 60–98% yesimba relaser. Kupenya kunodonha zvakanyanya panzvimbo yekunyunguduka uye kunogadzikana kana kwanyunguduka. Kupenya kunoderera nekuwedzera kwekona yekuona; kupenya kwakanyanya kunoitika panguva yakajairika (gadzirisa kudzivirira lenzi). Deredza kupenya nekubvisa maoxide kuburikidza nekuchenesa kwemuchina/makemikari.
13. Kushandiswa Kwakakodzera Kwegasi Rekudzivirira
Gasi rekudzivirira rinokanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld, kupinda, uye upamhi. Magasi mazhinji anovandudza mhando asi anogona kunge aine zvikanganiso:
Ar: Simba shoma reionization, kuumbwa kweplasma yakawanda (kuderedza kushanda kwelaser) asi isina simba, inodhura zvishoma, uye yakakora—inofukidza dziva rakanyungudutswa zvinobudirira (rakanakira kushandiswa kwakajairika).
N₂: Simba re ionization riri pakati nepakati (rinoderedza plasma zviri nani pane Ar), asi rinoita serinoshanda nearuminiyamu/kabhoni simbi kuti rigadzire ma nitride anopfava, zvichideredza kuomarara (hazvikurudzirwi pazvinhu izvi). Yakakodzera simbi isingatsvedzeri, uko ma nitride anowedzera simba.
14. Kuyerera kweGasi Rinodzivirira
Gasi rinoburitswa nemumuromo wemvura nekumanikidzwa kwakaringana. Dhizaini yemvura yemuromo wemvura uye dhayamita yekubuda kwayo zvakakosha: yakakura zvakakwana kufukidza weld, asi inoganhurirwa kudzivirira kuyerera kwakashata (kunokwevera mhepo uye kukonzera maburi). Pakushongedza nelaser nemaoko, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unowanzova 7L/min. Kuyerera kwakawandisa kunosanganisa tsvina mudziva rakanyungudutswa, zvichikanganisa kuchena kwegasi—sarudza mwero wekuyerera kwakakodzera.
15. Nzvimbo yeLaser Focus
Nzvimbo yekutarisa: Nzvimbo diki, simba rakawanda—kushandiswa kwekusona nzvimbokana simba shoma, zvinodiwa zvishoma pakukura kwenzvimbo (ona Mufananidzo 8-8).
Kubvisa pfungwa dzakaipa: Nzvimbo yakakura (inowedzera nekureba kubva pakutarisisa)—yakakodzera kusungirirwa kunopindirana nekupinda mukati uye kusungirirwa munzvimbo dzakadzika.
Kubvisa pfungwa zvakanaka: Nzvimbo yakakura (inowedzera nedaro kubva painotarisa)—yakakodzera kuvharwa pamusoro kana kusungirirwa kwesimbi kusingapindi pasi.
Kudzora kupinza kwesimbi mukati mesimbi zvizere: Kuchinja kudiki kweruvara kumusana kunoratidza kunaka; mavanga/kupinda pachena kunokonzera kudonha kwesimbi kana migero yakadzika mukupinza kwesimbi nguva dzose. Gadzirisa kutarisisa, simba, uye mafungu zvichibva pane mienzaniso. Shandisa nzvimbo diki pazvinhu zvakatetepa kudzivirira kutsva.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-21-2025
