1.1 Kukwesha neLaser Kunobata Nzvimbo Yepakati Peindasitiri, Nemikana Yekukura Iri Nani Pane Kucheka neKumaka
Midziyo yekushongedza neLaseriri pakati pecheni yemaindasitiri. Chikamu chepamusoro checheni yemaindasitiri ema laser chinosanganisira zvinhu zvinovheneka, zvikamu zveoptical nemidziyo, zvikamu zvemakanika, nezvimwewo. Chikamu chepakati chine laser nemidziyo yelaser. Lasers ndizvo zvikamu zvikuru zvemidziyo yelaser, uye michina yekugadzirisa laser inonyanya kusanganisira kucheka laser, welding laser, uye michina yekuisa chiratidzo chelaser. Minda iri pasi inonyanya kusanganisira mabhatiri e lithium, semiconductors, photovoltaics, consumer electronics, nezvimwewo.
Musika we laser une mukana mukuru, ne fiber lasers dziri kutonga, nepo solid-state lasers dzakakodzera kugadzira michina midiki. Sekureva kwehuwandu hweLaser Focus World, saizi yemusika we laser wepasi rose yakawedzera kubva pamadhora $13.07 bhiriyoni muna 2017 kusvika pamadhora $16.01 bhiriyoni muna 2020, neCAGR ye13.37%. Kana tichienzanisa, musika we laser weChina wakakura kubva pamadhora $6.95 bhiriyoni muna 2017 kusvika pamadhora $10.91 bhiriyoni muna 2020, neCAGR ye16.22%. Kubva 2017 kusvika 2020, chikamu cheChina chemusika we laser wepasi rose chakakwira kubva pa53.2% kusvika pa68.1%. Muna 2020, ma industrial lasers aive 32.2% yemusika we laser wepasi rose, zvichiita kuti chikamu chemaindasitiri chive chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa pasi. Yakarongwa ne gain medium, ma lasers anosanganisira fiber lasers, solid-state lasers (kusasanganisa fiber lasers), liquid lasers, uye gas lasers. Muna 2020, fiber lasers nema solid-state lasers zvakaita 52.7% uye 16.7% yemashandisirwo e laser eindasitiri, zvichiteerana, nefiber lasers dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri. Zvichienzaniswa nefiber lasers, solid-state lasers dzine zvakanakira zvakaita sesimba repamusoro-soro uye nzvimbo diki dzinokanganiswa nekupisa, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kushandiswa mukugadzira michina midiki.
Malaser eYAG nemalaser efiber rimwe nerimwe rine simba raro. Malaser eYAG ma solid-state lasers ane YAG crystal matrix. Zvakanakira zvawo zvinosanganisira: ① kugona kwekubatanidza ma multi-point panguva imwe chete kana kugovera nguva; ② simba repamusoro-soro, rakakodzera kusanganisa ma spot; ③ mutengo wakaderera, zvichipa mukana wemutengo, nezvimwewo. Kana tichienzanisa nemalaser efiber, malaser eYAG ane mipata yakati wandei mumhando ye beam uye kugona kwe photoelectric conversion. Zvisinei, nekuda kwesimba rakaderera remalaser efiber, haana zvakanakira zvakakosha kupfuura maLAser eYAG mukusanganisa. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekushandiswa, maLAser ese eYAG neefiber anogona kushandiswa mukusanganisa mabhatiri emagetsi.
Kucheka, kusanganisa, uye kuisa chiratidzo ndiwo mashandisirwo makuru e lasers dzemaindasitiri. Muna 2020, kucheka, kuisa chiratidzo, uye kuisa chiratidzo kwaive 40.62%, 13.52%, uye 12.6% yemusika wekushandisa laser, zvichiteerana. Mushure mekukura nekukurumidza kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2017, michina yekucheka laser ikozvino yatarisana nemakwikwi emitengo akasimba nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemakwikwi. Kuisa chiratidzo i laser application yakakura ine musika wakagadzikana. Kubatsirwa nekukura kwewelding nelaser inobatwa nemaokouye kubudirira kukuru kwemabhatiri emagetsi ari pasi pemvura, kushandiswa kwewelding kunotarisirwa kuramba kuri kukura zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma anotevera.
Zvichienzaniswa nekucheka nekuisa chiratidzo, laser welding ine zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvepamusoro. Laser welding ine nhoroondo pfupi yekugadzirwa kupfuura laser kucheka nekuisa chiratidzo, uye kuoma kwayo kwekuita kwakakurawo. Laser kucheka nekuisa chiratidzo kunoshandisa lasers kuparadza pamusoro kana chimiro chose chezvinhu, nepo laser welding ichishandisa lasers kunyungudutsa nekugadzira patsva zvivakwa zvezvinhu. Kuvaka patsva kwezvinhu, zvichienzaniswa nekuparadzwa kuri nyore kwezvivakwa, kunoda mwero wepamusoro wema lasers uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa.
Kana tichienzanisa nekushongedza kwechinyakare, kushongedza nelaser kune zvakanakira zvikuru. Kana tichienzanisa nekushongedza kwechinyakare, kushongedza nearc, uye kushongedza ne electron beam, kushongedza nelaser kune zvakanakira zvakaita sekumhanya kwakanyanya, kushanduka kudiki, zvinodiwa zvishoma zvakatipoteredza, simba rakawanda, kusabatwa nesimba remagineti, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingafambise mhepo, kusada nzvimbo ye vacuum, uye kusagadzira X-ray panguva yekushongedza. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvine hungwaru hwepamusoro, kunyanya mumotokari itsva dzesimba uye maindasitiri emabhatiri emagetsi. Mabhatiri emagetsi ane nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekushongedza dzine kuoma kukuru uye zvinodiwa nemazvo. Zvakanakira zvakasiyana zvekubatanidza nelaser zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri, kuvimbika, kugara kwenguva refu, kuderedza mari, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa.
Musika wemidziyo ye laser welding uri kukura nekukurumidza. Kubva muna 2016 kusvika 2020, musika wemidziyo ye laser weChina wakawedzera kubva pa38.2 bhiriyoni yuan kusvika pa69.2 bhiriyoni yuan, neCAGR ye15.79%. Kana tichienzanisa, musika wemidziyo ye laser welding weChina wakawedzera kubva pa4.17 bhiriyoni yuan kusvika pa11.05 bhiriyoni yuan, neCAGR ye27.59%, zvichipfuura kukura kwese kwemidziyo ye laser.
II. Hunhu hweMichina yeLaser Welding
- Kunyatsojeka: Benzi relaser rine nzvimbo diki kwazvo, zvichiita kutikushongedza kwakanyatsonakaYakanakira zvigadzirwa zvinoda kunyatsogadzirwa kwesimbi, zvakaita sezvinhu zvemagetsi nemidziyo yekurapa.
- Kumhanya Kwakanyanya: Kupinza neLaser kunokurumidza, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ekugadzira. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekupinza, inogona kupedzisa mabasa akawanda ekupinza munguva pfupi.
- Nzvimbo Diki Inokonzerwa Nekupisa: Kupinza neLaser kunoderedza kukuvara kwekupisa kwezvinhu nekuda kwenzvimbo diki inokonzerwa nekupisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana kuchinja kukuru muhunhu hwezvinhu mushure mekupinza, zvichiita kuti michina ishande zvakanaka uye chitarisiko chirambe chakanaka.
- Kuchinjika Kwakasimba: Michina yekuisa laser inogona kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira simbi, mapurasitiki, uye zviumbwa zvedongo. Pakubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana, maparamita elaser chete ndiwo anofanirwa kugadziriswa.
- Kuzvigadzira Kwepamusoro: Michina yekuwachisa yeLaser inogona kubatanidzwa nemidziyo inoshanda otomatiki kuti ibudirire kugadzira otomatiki, izvo zvisingangobatsiri chete asi zvinoderedzawo mari yevashandi uye simba.
3.1 Minda yekushandiswa kweLaser Welding
Tekinoroji ye laser welding inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekuita kwayo nemazvo, kumhanya kwayo, uye kuchinjika kwayo. Heano mashandisirwo ayo makuru:
- Indasitiri yeMotokari: Kupinza mota neLaser kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mota, kunyanya mukuvaka muviri. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti vanopfuura 80% vevagadziri vemotokari pasi rose vanoshandisa laser welding pakupinza muviri kuti vawedzere kuomarara uye kureruka. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvikamu zveinjini, masisitimu eutsi, uye masisitimu emhepo.
- Mundege: Mundege, kupinza nelaser kunokosheswa nekukwanisa kwayo kupa hukama hwakasimba. Inoshandiswa mukugadzira mafuselage endege, mapuranga, uye zvikamu zvemuchadenga kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chimiro chayo chakasimba uye chakareruka. Mishumo inoratidza kuti kupinza nelaser kunogona kuderedza huremu hwendege ne20% uku uchichengetedza mari.
- Midziyo Yekurapa: Kubatanidza neLaser kunoita basa guru mukugadzira michina yekurapa, kunyanya pazvikamu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina uye titanium alloys. Kunobvumira kusanganisa kusina kusvibiswa, kwakanyatsogadzirwa, kuzadzisa hutsanana hwakasimba uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa michina yekurapa.
- Indasitiri yeMagetsi: Mumagetsi, welding yelaser inonyanya kushandiswa pakurongedza macircuit akabatanidzwa, zvishandiso zve semiconductor, uye zvishandiso zve optoelectronic. Nzvimbo yayo diki inokanganiswa nekupisa inoderedza kukuvara kwekupisa kune zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinonzwa, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mukuunganidza magetsi ane density yakakura.
- Zvishandiso Zvekunyatsoshanda: Mukugadzira zvishandiso zvine hungwaru, welding yelaser inoshandiswa mumawachi, zvishongo, nezvimwe zvinhu zveumbozha nekuda kwekukwanisa kwayo kuita zvinhu zvakanyatsonaka,welding yemhando yepamusoroInovimbisa chitarisiko chakanaka uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa izvi.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-12-2025
