1. Mienzaniso yekushandisa
1） Bhodhi rekubatanidza
Mumakore ekuma1960, Toyota Motor Company yakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji isina chinhu yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Inobatanidza machira maviri kana anopfuura pamwe chete nekuabatanidza wozoasimbisa. Machira aya anogona kuva nehukobvu hwakasiyana, zvinhu, uye hunhu hwakasiyana. Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekushanda kwemotokari uye mabasa akadai sekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzeka kwekutyaira, nezvimwewo, tekinoroji yekushongedza mapurasitiki yave ichikwezva kutariswa kwakawanda. Kushongedza maplate kunogona kushandisa kushongedza kwespot, kushongedza kweflash butt,welding nelaser, hydrogen arc welding, nezvimwewo. Parizvino,welding nelaserinonyanya kushandiswa mukutsvagisa kwekunze kwenyika uye kugadzira maburi akasungirirwa nenzira yakasarudzika.
Nekuenzanisa mhinduro dzebvunzo nedzekuverenga, mhedzisiro yacho inowirirana zvakanaka, zvichiratidza kururama kwemuenzaniso wekupisa. Upamhi hwemusono we weld pasi pematanho akasiyana ekuita hwakaverengerwa uye hwakagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakupedzisira, chiyero chesimba re beam che2:1 chakagamuchirwa, matanda maviri akarongwa zvakaenzana, danda guru resimba rakaiswa pakati pemusono we weld, uye danda diki resimba rakaiswa padanda gobvu. Zvinogona kuderedza upamhi hwe weld zvinobudirira. Kana matanda maviri ari 45 degrees kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Kana akarongwa, danda rinoshanda padanda gobvu neplate yakatetepa zvakateerana. Nekuda kwekudzikira kwedhayamita yedanda rekupisa rinoshanda, upamhi hwe weld hunodererawo.
2）Simbi yeAluminium yakasiyana simbi
Chidzidzo chazvino chinoburitsa mhedziso dzinotevera: (1) Sezvo chiyero chesimba remwenje chichiwedzera, ukobvu hwekombuta yepakati pesimbi munzvimbo imwechete ye weld/aluminum alloy interface hunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kugoverwa kunova kwakajairika. Kana RS=2, ukobvu hwekombuta ye IMC iri pakati pe 5-10 microns. Kureba kwakanyanya kwe "needle-like" IMC yakasununguka kuri pakati pe 23 microns. Kana RS=0.67, ukobvu hwekombuta ye IMC iri pasi pe 5 microns, uye kureba kukuru kwe "needle-like" IMC yakasununguka i 5.6 microns. Ukobvu hwekombuta yepakati pesimbi inoderedzwa zvakanyanya.
(2)Kana laser ine mabhero maviri akaenzana ichishandiswa pakuwelda, IMC iri pa weld/aluminum alloy interface inenge isina kurongeka. Ukobvu hweIMC layer iri pa weld/aluminum alloy interface iri pedyo ne steel/aluminum alloy joint interface hwakakora, hune ukobvu hwepamusoro hwe 23.7 microns. . Sezvo chiyero chesimba re beam chichiwedzera, kana RS=1.50, ukobvu hweIMC layer iri pa weld/aluminum alloy interface huchiri hukuru kupfuura ukobvu hwe intermetallic compound munzvimbo imwechete ye serial dual beam.
3. Chibatanidzwa cheAluminium-lithium alloy chakaita seT
Nezvehunhu hwemakanika hwemajoini akasungirirwa nelaser e2A97 aruminiyamu alloy, vaongorori vakadzidza kuomarara, hunhu hwekusunda uye hunhu hwekuneta. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuti: nzvimbo yekuweld yejoini yakasungirirwa nelaser ye2A97-T3/T4 aruminiyamu alloy yakapfava zvakanyanya. Coefficient iri padyo ne0.6, iyo inonyanya kuenderana nekunyungudika uye kuoma kwemvura kunotevera kwechikamu chekusimbisa; strong coefficient yejoini yakasungirirwa neIPGYLR-6000 fiber laser inogona kusvika 0.8, asi plasticity yakaderera, nepo IPGYLS-4000 fiberwelding nelaserSimba remajoini e2A97-T3 aruminiyamu alloy akasungirirwa nelaser rinosvika 0.6; zvikanganiso zvemaburi ndiwo mavambo ekutsemuka kwekuneta mumajoini e2A97-T3 aruminiyamu alloy akasungirirwa nelaser.
Munzira yesynchronous, zvichienderana nemaitiro akasiyana ekristaro, FZ inonyanya kuumbwa nemakristaro ecolumnar nemakristaro akaenzana. Makristaro ecolumnar ane epitaxial EQZ growth orientation, uye nzira dzawo dzekukura dzakatarisana nemutsara wefusion. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti pamusoro peEQZ grain ichinhu chakagadzirira kugadzirwa, uye kupisa kunopararira munzira iyi ndiko kunokurumidza. Nokudaro, primary crystallographic axis yemutsetse we vertical fusion inokura zvakanyanya uye mativi acho anoganhurirwa. Sezvo makristaro ecolumnar achikura akananga pakati pe weld, chimiro chechimiro chinoshanduka uye columnar dendrites anoumbwa. Pakati pe weld, tembiricha yedziva rakanyungudutswa yakakwira, mwero wekupisa wakafanana kumativi ese, uye tsanga dzinokura zvakaenzana kumativi ese, dzichigadzira equiaxed dendrites. Kana primary crystallographic axis ye equiaxed dendrites yakabatana chaizvo ne specimen plane, tsanga dzakaita semaruva dzinogona kuonekwa mu metallographic phase. Pamusoro pezvo, zvichikanganiswa nekutonhorera kwakanyanya kwezvikamu zvemuno munzvimbo ye weld zone, mabhendi akatsetseka akaenzana anowanzoonekwa munzvimbo ye welded seam ye synchronous mode T-shaped joint, uye morphology ye grain mu equiaxed fine-grained band yakasiyana ne morphology ye grain ye EQZ. Chitarisiko chimwe chete. Nekuti process ye heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW yakasiyana neye synchronous mode TSTB-LW, pane musiyano uri pachena mu macromorphology uye microstructure morphology. Heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW T-shaped joint yakasangana ne thermal cycles mbiri, ichiratidza hunhu hwe double molded pool. Pane secondary fusion line iri pachena mukati me weld, uye thermal conduction welding yakagadzirwa ne thermal conduction welding idiki. Mu heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW process, deep penetration weld inokanganiswa ne heat process ye thermal conduction welding. Madendrite e columnar ne equiaxed dendrites ari pedyo ne secondary fusion line ane miganhu mishoma ye subgrain uye anoshanduka kuita columnar kana cellular crystals, zvichiratidza kuti Maitiro ekupisa e thermal conductivity welding ane mhedzisiro yekupisa pa deep penetration welds. Uye saizi ye grain ye dendrites iri pakati pe thermally conductive weld i 2-5 microns, iyo iri diki zvikuru pane saizi ye grain ye dendrites iri pakati pe deep penetration weld (5-10 microns). Izvi zvinonyanya kuenderana nekupisa kwakanyanya kwe welds kumativi ese. Tembiricha ine chekuita nekupisa kunotevera.
3) Nheyo yekushongedza jira rekugadzira upfu relaser rine matanda maviri
4)Simba guru rekubatana kwe solder
Mukuyedza kwekubatanidza simbi nelaser powder deposition welding, sezvo matanda maviri elaser akapararira padivi nepadivi kumativi ese ewaya yebhiriji, huwandu hwelaser ne substrate hwakakura kupfuura hwe single-beam laser powder deposition welding, uye majoini e solder anobuda akamira kune waya yebhiriji. Nzira yewaya yakarebeswa zvishoma. Mufananidzo 3.6 unoratidza majoini e solder anowanikwa ne single-beam ne double-beam laser powder deposition welding. Munguva yekubatanidza, ingave iri double-beam.welding nelasernzira kana kuti danda rimwe chetewelding nelaserNzira, dziva rakanyungudutswa rinoumbwa pachigadziko kuburikidza nekupisa kunopfuta. Nenzira iyi, simbi yakanyungudutswa mudziva rakanyungudutswa inogona kuumba chisungo chesimbi neupfu hwakanyungudutswa hunozvifambisa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti pave nekukwesha. Paunenge uchishandisa laser ine danda remabheya maviri pakukwesha, kusangana pakati pedanda remabheya nechigadziko ndiko kusangana pakati penzvimbo dzebasa remabheya maviri elaser, kureva kuti, kusangana pakati pemadziva maviri akanyungudutswa anoumbwa nelaser pachinhu chacho. Nenzira iyi, kusangana kutsva kunobuda Nzvimbo yacho yakakura kupfuura yedanda rimwe chete.welding nelaser, saka majoini e solder anowanikwa ne double-beamwelding nelaserdzakasimba kupfuura danda rimwe chetewelding nelaser.
2. Kugona kuchinjika zvakanyanya uye kugona kudzokorora
Mubhero rimwe chetewelding nelaserkuyedza, sezvo pakati penzvimbo yakatarisana nelaser painoshanda zvakananga pawaya ye micro-bridge, waya ye bhiriji ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvewelding nelaserma process parameters, akadai sekupararira kwesimba relaser isina kuenzana uye ukobvu hweupfu hwe alloy husina kuenzana. Izvi zvinotungamira pakutyoka kwewaya panguva yekuwelda uye kutoita kuti waya yebhiriji itsvuke zvakananga. Munzira yekuwelda yelaser ine double-beam, sezvo nzvimbo dzakanangana dzema laser beams maviri dzisingashande zvakananga pawaya dze micro-bridge, zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvema laser welding process parameters ewaya dzebhiriji zvinoderedzwa, uye weldability uye repeatingability zvinovandudzwa zvikuru.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-17-2023
