Kwava nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu kubva pakagadzirwa "chiedza chakabatana" chekutanga murabhoritari yeCalifornia muna 1960. Sezvakataurwa nemugadziri welaser, TH Maiman, kuti, "Laser mhinduro yekutsvaga dambudziko." Laser, sechishandiso, iri kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma muminda yakawanda yakadai sekugadzirisa maindasitiri, kutaurirana kwemaziso, uye kuverenga data.
Makambani eChinese laser, anozivikanwa se "Kings of Involution", anovimba ne "mutengo-nehuwandu" kuti atore mugove wemusika, asi vanobhadhara mutengo wekudzikira kwepurofiti.
Musika wemuno wawira mumakwikwi akasimba, uye makambani elaser aenda kunotsvaga "kondinendi itsva" yelaser yeChina. Muna 2023, China Laser yakatanga zviri pamutemo "gore rayo rekutanga rekuenda kunze kwenyika." PaMunich International Light Expo muGermany pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, makambani eChina anopfuura 220 akaonekwa muboka, zvichiita kuti ive nyika ine vanhu vakawanda vanoratidza kunze kweGermany inotambira.
Chikepe chapfuura here makomo gumi ezviuru? China Laser ingavimba sei ne "huwandu" kuti imire yakasimba, uye inofanira kuvimba nei kuti ienderere mberi?
1. Kubva "mumakore gumi egoridhe" kusvika "kumusika weropa"
Semumiriri wematekinoroji ari kubuda, tsvakiridzo yeindasitiri yelaser yemuno yakatanga nguva pfupi yadarika, ichitanga panguva imwe chete neyepasi rose. Laser yekutanga pasi rose yakabuda muna 1960. Panguva imwe chete, muna Nyamavhuvhu 1961, laser yekutanga yeChina yakaberekwa paChangchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics yeChinese Academy of Sciences.
Mushure meizvozvo, makambani makuru emidziyo yelaser pasi rose akatanga rimwe mushure merimwe. Mumakore gumi ekutanga enhoroondo yelaser, Bystronic neCoherent zvakazvarwa. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1970, II-VI nePrima zvakatangwa zvakatevedzana. TRUMPF, mutungamiri wezvishandiso zvemuchina, yakatangawo muna 1977. Mushure mekudzosa CO₂ laser kubva pakushanya kwake kuUnited States muna 2016, bhizinesi reTRUMPF relaser rakatanga.
Panyaya yekufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri, makambani eLaser ekuChina akatanga kunonoka. Han's Laser yakavambwa muna 1993, Huagong Technology yakavambwa muna 1999, Chuangxin Laser yakavambwa muna 2004, JPT yakavambwa muna 2006, uye Raycus Laser yakavambwa muna 2007. Makambani aya evechidiki eLaser haana mukana wekutanga, asi ane simba rekuti atange kushanda gare gare.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, malaser ekuChina akasangana ne "makore gumi egoridhe" uye "kutsiva kwemuno" kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi. Kubva muna 2012 kusvika 2022, mwero wekukura kwegore negore weindasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvelaser munyika yangu uchapfuura 10%, uye kukosha kwezvinobuda kuchasvika 86.2 bhiriyoni yuan panosvika 2022.
Mumakore mashanu apfuura, musika we fiber laser wakakurumidza kukurudzira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzemuno nekukurumidza kunoonekwa nemaziso asina kupfeka. Mugove wemusika we fiber laser dzemuno wakawedzera kubva pasi pe40% kusvika pa70% mumakore mashanu. Mugove wemusika weAmerican IPG, iyo inotungamira fiber laser, muChina wakaderera zvakanyanya kubva pa53% muna 2017 kusvika pa28% muna 2022.
Mufananidzo: Mamiriro emakwikwi emusika wefiber laser muChina kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2022 (data source: China Laser Industry Development Report)
Ngatisataure nezvemusika une simba shoma, uyo wave nekuwana nzvimbo yemuno. Tichitarisa "makwikwi e10,000-watts" mumusika une simba guru, vagadziri vemuno vanokwikwidzana, vachiratidza "China Speed" zvizere. Zvakatora IPG makore gumi nematatu kubva pakaburitswa laser yekutanga yepasi rose ye10-watts industrial-grade fiber muna 1996 kusvika pakaburitswa laser yekutanga ye10,000-watts, nepo zvakatora makore mashanu chete kuti Raycus Laser ibve pa10 watts kuenda ku10,000 watts.
Mumakwikwi e10,000-watts, vagadziri vemuno vakabatana muhondo imwe mushure meimwe, uye kupararira kwenzvimbo kuri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kunotyisa. Mazuva ano, 10,000 watts haisiri izwi idzva, asi tikiti rekuti mabhizinesi apinde mudenderedzwa relaser rinoenderera mberi. Makore matatu apfuura, Chuangxin Laser payakaratidzwa 25,000-watt fiber laser yayo paShanghai Munich Light Expo, yakakonzera kuzara kwemotokari. Zvisinei, pakuratidzira kwakasiyana-siyana kwelaser gore rino, "10,000 watts" yave chiyero chemabhizinesi, uye kunyangwe 30,000 watts, iyo 60,000-watt label inoitawo seyakajairika. Mukutanga kwaGunyana gore rino, Pentium naChuangxin vakatanga muchina wekutanga wekucheka laser we85,000-watts pasi rose, vachiputsa rekodhi yelaser wattage zvakare.
Panguva ino, makwikwi e10,000-watts apera. Michina yekucheka nelaser yakatsiva zvachose nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzirisa dzakadai sekucheka plasma nemurazvo mumunda wekucheka maplate epakati nepakati. Kuwedzera simba relaser hakuzobatsiri zvakanyanya pakushanda zvakanaka kwekucheka, asi kuchawedzera mari nekushandiswa kwesimba.
Mufananidzo: Shanduko mumitengo yemubereko wemakambani e laser kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2022 (data source: Wind)
Kunyange hazvo makwikwi e10,000-watts aive kukunda kwakakwana, "hondo yemitengo" yakarovawo indasitiri yelaser. Zvakatora makore mashanu chete kuti mugove wefiber lasers wemuno ubudirire, uye zvakatora makore mashanu chete kuti indasitiri yefiber laser ibve papurofiti yakakura kuenda kupurofiti diki. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, nzira dzekuderedza mitengo dzave dziri nzira yakakosha yekutungamira makambani emuno kuwedzera mugove wemusika. Malaser emuno "akachinjanisa mutengo nehuwandu" uye akapinda mumusika kuti akwikwidzane nevagadziri vekunze, uye "hondo yemitengo" yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Laser yefiber ine simba rema watts gumi yakatengeswa nemutengo we yuan inosvika mamiriyoni maviri muna 2017. Pakazosvika gore ra2021, vagadziri vemuno vakaderedza mutengo wayo kusvika pa 400,000 yuan. Nekuda kwemutengo wayo mukuru, mugove wemusika weRaycus Laser wakabatanidza IPG kekutanga muchikamu chechitatu chegore ra2021, zvichiita kuti pave nekufambira mberi kukuru mukutsiva michina yemuno.
Kupinda mugore ra2022, sezvo huwandu hwemakambani emagetsi emuno ari kuramba achiwedzera, vagadziri vemagetsi emuno vapinda muchikamu che "involution" chemakwikwi pakati pavo. Nzvimbo huru yehondo yemitengo yemagetsi emuno yachinja kubva kuchikamu chezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zve1-3 kW kuenda kuchikamu chezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zve6-50 kW, uye makambani ari kukwikwidza kugadzira mafiber laser ane simba guru. Makuponi emitengo, makuponi ebasa, nevamwe vagadziri vemuno vakatotanga chirongwa che "zero down payment", vachiisa michina mahara kune vagadziri vemagetsi emuno kuti vaedzwe, uye makwikwi akava makuru.
Pakupera kwe "roll", makambani e-laser anodikitira haana kumirira goho rakanaka. Muna 2022, mutengo we-fiber lasers mumusika weChina uchadzikira ne40-80% gore negore. Mitengo yemuno yezvimwe zvigadzirwa yaderedzwa kusvika pachikamu chimwe chete mugumi chemitengo inopinzwa kunze kwenyika. Makambani anonyanya kuvimba nekuwedzera zvinhu zvinotumirwa kuti arambe aine purofiti. Kambani ye-fiber laser yemuno yeRaycus yakaona kuwedzera kukuru kwegore negore kwezvinhu zvinotumirwa, asi mari yayo yekushanda yakaderera ne6.48% gore negore, uye purofiti yayo yakaderera neinopfuura 90% gore negore. Vagadziri vazhinji vemuno vane bhizinesi guru re-laser vachaona purofiti yakakura muna 2022 ichidzikira.
Mufananidzo: "Hondo yemitengo" maitiro mumunda we laser (data source: yakaunganidzwa kubva kuruzivo rweveruzhinji)
Kunyange zvazvo makambani makuru ekune dzimwe nyika akatambura nematambudziko mu "hondo yemitengo" mumusika weChina, achivimba nehwaro hwawo hwakadzika, mashandiro awo haana kudzikira asi akawedzera.
Nekuda kwekuti TRUMPF Group ndiyo ine simba guru pabhizinesi reEUV lithography machine light source rekambani yeDutch technology ASML, huwandu hweodha dzayo mugore remari ra2022 hwakawedzera kubva pa3.9 bhiriyoni euros munguva imwecheteyo gore rapera kusvika pa5.6 bhiriyoni euros, kuwedzera kukuru kwegore negore kwe42%; Kutengeswa kweGaoyi mugore remari ra2022 mushure mekutengwa kweGuanglian Revenue kwakawedzera ne7% gore negore, uye huwandu hweodha hwakasvika US$4.32 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe29%. Kushanda kwakapfuura zvaitarisirwa mukota yechina yakatevedzana.
Mushure mekurasikirwa nekwavanoenda mumusika weChina, musika mukuru wekugadzirisa laser, makambani ekune dzimwe nyika achiri kukwanisa kuita basa repamusoro. Chii chatingadzidza kubva munzira yekuvandudza laser yemakambani makuru epasi rose?
2. "Kubatanidzwa kwakamira" vs. "Kubatanidzwa kwedhinari"
Kutaura zvazviri, musika wemuno usati wasvika 10,000 watts uye watanga "hondo yemitengo", makambani makuru ekune dzimwe nyika apedza danho rekuchinja zvinhu nguva isati yasvika. Zvisinei, zvavaka "gadzira" hazvisi mutengo, asi marongerwo ezvigadzirwa, uye vakatanga kubatanidzwa kwecheni yeindasitiri kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa nekutenga.
Munyaya yekugadzirisa nelaser, makambani anotungamira pasi rose akatora nzira mbiri dzakasiyana: munzira yekubatanidza vertical yakatenderedza cheni imwe chete yeindasitiri yezvigadzirwa, IPG iri pamberi; nepo makambani anomiririrwa neTRUMPF neCoherent akasarudza "Oblique integration" zvinoreva vertical integration uye horizontal territory expansion "nemaoko ese." Makambani matatu aya akatanga nguva dzawo akatevedzana, kureva nguva ye optical fiber inomiririrwa neIPG, nguva ye disc inomiririrwa neTRUMPF, uye nguva ye gas (kusanganisira excimer) inomiririrwa neCoherent.
IPG ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pamusika nefiber lasers. Kubva payakatanga kutengeswa muna 2006, kunze kwedambudziko remari muna 2008, mari yekushanda uye purofiti yakaramba iri padanho repamusoro. Kubva muna 2008, IPG yakawana vagadziri vane matekinoroji emidziyo akadai se optical isolators, optical coupling lenses, fiber gratings, uye optical modules, kusanganisira Photonics Innovations, JPSA, Mobius Photonics, uye Menara Networks, kuti vaite vertical integration mu upstream ye fiber laser industry chain.
Pakazosvika gore ra2010, IPG yakazopedzisira yabatanidzwa neIPG. Kambani iyi yakawana mukana wekugadzira zvinhu zvepakati nepakati nepakati nepakati nepakati nepakati, zvichipfuura vakwikwidzi vayo zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, yakatungamira mune tekinoroji uye yakatanga nzira yekutanga yepasi rose ye fiber amplifier tekinoroji. IPG yaive mumunda we fiber lasers. Yakagara pachigaro chekutonga pasi rose.
Mufananidzo: Maitiro ekubatanidza cheni yeindasitiri yeIPG (nzvimbo yedata: kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rweveruzhinji)
Parizvino, makambani emuno e laser, ari mu "hondo yemitengo", apinda muchikamu che "vertical integration". Batanidza chain yeindasitiri kumusoro uye uzvigadzirire wega zvikamu zvikuru, nokudaro zvichiwedzera inzwi rezvigadzirwa mumusika.
Muna 2022, sezvo "hondo yemitengo" ichiramba ichikura, maitiro ekuisa zvinhu mumidziyo mikuru achakurumidziswa zvizere. Vagadziri vemarasha vakati wandei vakaita budiriro mu tekinoroji yemarasha ine mativi maviri (triple-cladding) ytterbium-doped; mwero wezvinhu zvisingashandiswi wakawedzera zvakanyanya; dzimwe nzira dzemuno dzakadai sedzinobvisa zvinhu, macollimator, macombiners, macouplers, uye mafiber gratings dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera kufarirwa. Dzakura. Makambani anotungamira akadai saRaycus naChuangxin atora nzira yekubatanidza vertical, akabatana zvakanyanya nemafiber lasers, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akawana kutonga kwakazvimirira kwezvikamu kuburikidza nekuwedzera kutsvagisa kwetekinoroji nekuvandudza uye kubatanidzwa nekutenga.
Kana "hondo" yagara kwemakore akawanda yapera, maitiro ekubatanidza maindasitiri emakambani makuru akawedzera, uye panguva imwe chete, mabhizinesi madiki nepakati awana makwikwi akasiyana mumhinduro dzakagadzirwa. Pakazosvika 2023, maitiro ehondo yemitengo muindasitiri yelaser aderera, uye purofiti yemakambani elaser yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Raycus Laser yakawana purofiti yemamiriyoni zana negumi nemaviri eyuan muhafu yekutanga ya2023, kuwedzera kwe412.25%, uye pakupedzisira yakabuda mumumvuri we "hondo yemitengo".
Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira "oblique integration" iTRUMPF Group. TRUMPF Group yakatanga sekambani yezvishandiso zvemuchina. Bhizinesi relaser pakutanga raive malaser ecarbon dioxide. Gare gare, rakawana HüTTINGER (1990), HAAS Laser Co., Ltd. (1991), Saxony Machine Tools and Special Machine Tools Co., Ltd. (1992), uye rakawedzera bhizinesi raro relaser rakasimba. Mubhizinesi remichina yekucheka laser nemvura, laser yekutanga yekuedza yedisc yakatangwa muna 1999 uye kubvira ipapo yakagara munzvimbo huru mumusika wedisc. Muna 2008, TRUMPF yakawana SPI, iyo yakakwanisa kukwikwidzana neIPG, neUS$48.9 miriyoni, ichiunza fiber lasers munharaunda yayo yebhizinesi. Yakaitawo mafambiro akawanda mumunda we ultrafast lasers. Yakatora vagadziri vema laser e ultrashort pulse laser Amphos (2018) ne Active Fiber Systems GmbH (2022) zvakatevedzana, uye inoramba ichizadza musiyano uripo mukugadzirwa kwetekinoroji dzema laser e ultrafast dzakadai sema disc, slabs uye fiber amplification. "puzzle". Kuwedzera pakurongeka kwakatwasuka kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zve laser zvakaita se disc lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, uye fiber lasers, TRUMPF Group inoshandawo zvakanaka mukubatanidzwa kwecheni yemaindasitiri. Inopawo zvigadzirwa zvemichina yakakwana kumakambani ari pasi uye ine mukana wekukwikwidza mumunda wezvishandiso zvemichina.
Mufananidzo: Maitiro ekubatanidza cheni yeindasitiri yeTRUMPF Group (nzvimbo yedata: kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rweveruzhinji)
Nzira iyi inobvumira kugadzirwa kwemutsetse wese kubva kuzvikamu zvikuru kusvika kumidziyo yakakwana, inoisa zvigadzirwa zve laser zvine tekinoroji yakawanda, uye inoramba ichikura miganhu yezvigadzirwa. Han's Laser neHuagong Technology, makambani anotungamira emuno mumunda we laser, ari kutevera nzira imwe chete, achitanga nechipiri pakati pevagadziri vemuno mumari inoshandiswa gore rese.
Kusawirirana kwemiganhu yepamusoro neyapasi chinhu chinowanzoonekwa muindasitiri yelaser. Nekuda kwekubatana uye modularization yetekinoroji, chiyero chekupinda hachina kukwira. Nekuvakirwa kwavo uye kukurudzirwa kwemari, hapana vagadziri vemuno vakawanda vanokwanisa "kuvhura nzvimbo itsva" munzira dzakasiyana. Hazviwanzoonekwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe vagadziri vemuno vakasimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kwavo kubatanidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakasvibisa miganhu yeketani yemaindasitiri. Hukama hwepakutanga hweketani yekugovera yepamusoro neyapasi hwakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuva vakwikwidzi, nemakwikwi akasimba mune zvese zvinobatanidzwa.
Makwikwi ane simba guru akakurumidza kukura indasitiri yeChina inoshandisa laser, zvichigadzira "ingwe" isingatyi makwikwi ekune dzimwe nyika uye nekukurumidza kufambisa nzira yekuisa zvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, yakagadzirawo mamiriro e "hupenyu nerufu" e "hondo dzemitengo" yakawandisa uye makwikwi akafanana. Makambani eChinese anoshandisa laser akawana nzvimbo yakasimba nekuvimba ne "rolls". Vachaitei mune ramangwana?
3. Mishonga miviri: Kuisa matekinoroji matsva uye kutsvaga misika yekunze kwenyika
Tichivimba nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, tinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuda kushandisa mari yakawanda kuti titsive musika nemitengo yakaderera; tichivimba nekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika ne laser, tinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko remakwikwi akasimba mumusika wemuno.
Makambani eChinese laser akamboomerwa nekuwana vatungamiriri vekune dzimwe nyika munguva yakapfuura. Panyaya yekutarisa pakutsiva kwemuno, kubuda kwese kwemusika mukuru kunotungamirwa nemakambani ekune dzimwe nyika, nemakambani emuno anokurumidza kutevera mukati megore 1-2 uye anotsiva zvigadzirwa zvemuno nemashandisirwo azvo mushure mekunge zvakura. Parizvino, kuchine chiitiko chekuti makambani ekune dzimwe nyika ari kutungamira mukuisa mashandisirwo mumaindasitiri ari kubuda, nepo zvigadzirwa zvemuno zvichiri kukurudzira kutsiva.
"Kutsiva" hakufanirwe kumira pakutsvaga "kutsiva". Panguva ino apo indasitiri yelaser yeChina iri mudambudziko rekuchinja, musiyano uripo pakati pematekinoroji makuru elaser evagadziri vemuno nenyika dzekunze uri kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Zviri pachena kuti kushandisa matekinoroji matsva nekukurumidza uye kutsvaga kukunda mumakona, kuitira kubvisa "kushandisa Good timing for price-for-volume destiny."
Zvose zviri zviviri, marongerwo ematekinoroji matsva anoda kuziva nzira inotevera yekubuda nayo muindasitiri. Kugadziriswa kweLaser kwakapfuura nenguva yekucheka yakatongwa nekucheka simbi uye nguva yekubatanidza yakasimudzirwa nekukura kwesimba idzva. Kutenderera kunotevera kweindasitiri kunogona kuchinjira kuminda yekugadzira michina midiki senge pan-semiconductors, uye malaser anoenderana nemichina yelaser zvichaburitsa kudiwa kukuru. "Match point" yeindasitiri ichachinjawo kubva pa "10,000-watt competition" yekutanga yemalaser anoenderera mberi ane simba guru kuenda ku "ultra-fast competition" yemalaser anotenderera e-ultra-short pulse.
Tichitarisa zvakanyanya nzvimbo dzakakamurwa, tinogona kutarisa pakubudirira munzvimbo itsva dzekushandisa kubva pa "0 kusvika 1" panguva ye tekinoroji itsva. Semuenzaniso, mwero wekupinda kwemasero eperovskite unotarisirwa kusvika 31% mushure megore ra2025. Zvisinei, michina yekutanga yelaser haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvakarurama zvemasero eperovskite. Makambani elaser anofanirwa kuisa michina mitsva yelaser pachine nguva kuti awane kutonga kwakazvimirira kwetekinoroji huru. , kuvandudza purofiti yakawanda yemidziyo uye nekukurumidza kutora musika wemangwana. Pamusoro pezvo, zviitiko zvinovimbisa zvekushandisa zvakaita sekuchengetera simba, kurapwa, maindasitiri ekuratidzira uye semiconductor (laser lift-off, laser annealing, mass transfer), "AI + laser manufacturing", nezvimwewo zvakakodzerawo kutariswa.
Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa tekinoroji yemuno yelaser uye zvigadzirwa, laser inotarisirwa kuva kadhi rebhizinesi remabhizinesi ekuChina kuenda kunze kwenyika. 2023 igore rekutanga remalaser kuenda kunze kwenyika. Vachitarisana nemisika mikuru yekune dzimwe nyika inoda kukurumidza kubuda, michina yelaser ichatevera vagadziri vema terminal application kuenda kunze kwenyika, kunyanya indasitiri yeChina "inotungamira" bhatiri re lithium uye indasitiri yemotokari itsva, iyo ichapa mikana yekutengeswa kwemidziyo yelaser kunze kwenyika. Gungwa rinounza mikana yekare.
Parizvino, kuenda kunze kwenyika kwave kubvumirana neindasitiri, uye makambani makuru akatanga kutora matanho ekuwedzera marongerwo ekunze kwenyika. Mugore rapfuura, Han's Laser yakazivisa kuti inoronga kuisa mari inosvika US$60 miriyoni kuti ivambe kambani ye "Green Energy Industry Development Co., Ltd." muUnited States kuti iongorore musika weUS; Lianying yakagadzira kambani muGermany kuti iongorore musika weEurope uye parizvino yakabatana nemafekitori akawanda emabhatiri eEurope. Tichaita kutengeserana kwehunyanzvi neOEMs; Haimixing ichatarisawo pakutsvaga misika yekune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemapurojekiti ekuwedzera makambani emabhatiri emuno neekunze uye vagadziri vemotokari.
Chinhu chakanaka pamutengo ndechekuti makambani eLaser ekuChina aende kunze kwenyika awane mukana wekuenda kunze kwenyika. Midziyo yeLaser yemuno ine zvayakanakira pamutengo. Mushure mekuwanikwa kwemaLaser nezvikamu zvepakati, mutengo wemidziyo yeLaser waderera zvakanyanya, uye makwikwi akasimba adzikisawo mitengo. Asia-Pacific neEurope dzave nzvimbo huru dzekutengesera kunze kwenyika maLaser. Mushure mekubuda kunze kwenyika, vagadziri vemuno vachakwanisa kupedzisa kutengeserana nemitengo yakakwira kupfuura mitengo yemuno, zvichiwedzera purofiti zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, huwandu huripo pari zvino hwezvigadzirwa zve laser zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muindasitiri ye laser yeChina huchiri pasi, uye kuenda kunze kwenyika kuchasangana nematambudziko akadai sekushaya simba kwemhedzisiro yechiratidzo uye kusasimba kwemabasa ekugadzira nzvimbo. Ichiri nzira refu uye yakaoma ye "kufambira mberi" zvechokwadi.
Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwelaser muChina inhoroondo yekurwa kweutsinye kwakavakirwa pamutemo wesango.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, makambani elaser akasangana nekubhabhatidzwa kwe "makwikwi e10,000-watts" uye "hondo dzemitengo" uye akagadzira "vanguard" inogona kukwikwidzana nemakambani ekune dzimwe nyika mumusika wemuno. Makore gumi anotevera achava nguva yakakosha yekuti malaser emuno achinje kubva pa "musika unobuda ropa" kuenda kuhunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, uye kubva pakutsiva kwemuno kuenda kumusika wepasi rose. Nekufamba nenzira iyi chete, indasitiri yelaser yeChina inogona kuona shanduko yayo kubva pa "kutevera nekumhanya pamwe chete" kuenda ku "Kutungamira".
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-23-2023
