Tekinoroji yekushongedza yeramangwana

Parizvino, kubatanidza simbi kwave tekinoroji itsva yakabatana. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita basa guru rehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza simbi muhupfumi hwenyika, dhigirii repamusoro retekinoroji yekunamirarave chiratidzo chakakosha chedanho repamusoro reindasitiri yenyika, saka, vakashanda nesimba kugadzira seti dzakakwana dzemidziyo yekushongedza, tekinoroji yehungwaru hwekugadzira, tekinoroji yekugadzirisa ruzivo, tekinoroji yedhijitari yekudzora simba rekushongedza, tekinoroji yehungwaru yekushongedza tekinoroji yehungwaru, maitiro ekugadzira weldingtekinoroji yekushongedza marobhoti, kuvandudzwa kwekusangana nezvinhu zvemazuva ano zveWelding zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira kuchaita basa rakakosha mukuvaka nyika ine hunyanzvi uye inochengetedza simba.

Chekutanga, mafambiro ari kuitwa pari zvino ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuwedera yemuno neyekunze

Kusonta tekinoroji inokosha, uye kukura kwayo kunoenderana nekukura kwesainzi yemazuva ano netekinoroji. Tekinoroji yekusonta ine nhoroondo yemakore zana chete, asi kukura kwayo kuri kukurumidza zvikuru. Kubva muzana remakore rechi20, kunyanya mumakore maviri kana matatu apfuura, nekukura kusati kwamboitika kwesainzi netekinoroji, matekinoroji matsva akasiyana-siyana ekusonta akabuda mukusingaperi, uye kubudirira kutsva mune sainzi yemazuva ano netekinoroji senge plasma physics, electron beam, infrared ray, vacuum, ultrasound, acoustics, microelectronics, nezvimwewo zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukusonta. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva kwakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekusonta, kwakawedzera kugona kwetekinoroji yekusonta, uye kwakawedzera huwandu hwekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekusonta. Parizvino, nzira dzakawanda dzekusonta dzine hunhu hwakasiyana dzakaumbwa. Tekinoroji yekusonta yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya musimba, kutakura, indasitiri yemakemikari, michina, michina yakakosha, electronics, aerospace, peturu nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kubudirira kutsva kwesainzi yemazuva ano netekinoroji kwawedzera kupinda mumunda wekusonta, uye kwakasimudzira kukura nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yekusonta.

(A) kukura kwemidziyo yekunamirauye nzira dzekunamira

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, nekukura nekukurumidza kwesainzi netekinoroji, michina yekushongedza uye nzira dzekushongedza zvakagadziridzwawo zvakanyanya. Parizvino, hunhu hunoshamisa hwemidziyo yekushongedza yekunze ndeyekunyatsorongeka, mhando yepamusoro, kuvimbika kwakanyanya, digital, kutonga kwakangwara, yakakura, yakabatanidzwa uye inoshanda zvakawanda. Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa uye kukura kwetekinoroji, yepamba iri kukura nenzira yekubatanidza inoshanda, otomatiki, yakangwara, inochengetedza simba uye ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza. Midziyo yekushongedza yearc yeChina iri kusvika padanho repamba zvishoma nezvishoma, kugadzirisa chimiro chechigadzirwa, kuvandudza giredhi rechigadzirwa, inofanira kugadzira nesimba magetsi ekugadzirisa inverter uye otomatiki, semi-otomatiki, kunyanya muchina wekugadzirisa carbon dioxide unochengetedza simba zvakanyanya uye unochengetedza simba; Tekinoroji yekudzivirira yekubatanidza kune yepakati nepakati sechikamu chikuru chekutsvagisa uye nzira yekuvandudza; Tekinoroji yekubatana kwemagetsi ichafarirwa mumidziyo yekushongedza,indasitiri yemidziyo yekushongedzamukuda kukuru kwekushandiswa kwesimba shoma, zvigadzirwa zvegirini; Tekinoroji yekubatanidza otomatiki nemidziyo zviri kukura nekukurumidza kusati kwamboitika, chirongwa cheThree Gorges, chirongwa chekutumira gasi kumadokero-kumabvazuva, engineering yendege, engineering yezvikepe nedzimwe nyika dzakakura dzekuvandudza mainjiniya epasi rose pamwe nekukura kweindasitiri yemotokari dzemuno, zvakasimudzira kuvandudzwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yepamusoro yekubatanidza, kunyanya tekinoroji yekubatanidza otomatiki; marobhoti ekubatanidza nekubatanidza zvine hungwaru zvichagadzirwawo zvakakodzera munzvimbo dzakatarwa uye zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya; Kudiwa kweseti dzakakwana dzemidziyo yakakosha yekubatanidza kuri kuwedzera, huwandu hwekushandiswa hwakakura, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zviri kuramba zvichikwira, michina yekusangana nemaitiro matsva anoshanda ichave yakakura uye yakakurumbira, makambani ekugadzira michina yemuno anofanirwa kuita budiriro itsva museti dzakakosha, dzakakwana dzemidziyo yekubatanidza.

(2) Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekunamira

Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji uye kufambira mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvemaindasitiri, kubuda kwezvinhu zvitsva kwakaunza matambudziko matsva uye zvinodiwa zvetekinoroji yekubatanidza. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwesimbi yakasimba, aruminiyamu, alloys dzakavakirwa panickel nezvimwe zvinhu kwakakurudzira zvakanyanya kukura kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekubatanidza dzinogona kunge dziine matambudziko pakubata nezvinhu zvitsva izvi, zvakaita sekuchinja kwekubatanidza, kutsemuka nezvimwewo. Nokudaro, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekubatanidza matekinoroji ekuvandudza mhando nekuvimbika kwemajoini akasungirirwa kwave gwara rakakosha rekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza. Parizvino, kubuda kwezvinhu zvekubatanidza muChina ndiko kwekutanga pasi rose, asi muchimiro chezvinhu zvekubatanidza nenyika dzakabudirira dzemaindasitiri, musiyano uri pachena. Kuti zvienderane nemaitiro ekugadzira welding kune kushanda kwepamusoro, mhando yepamusoro, mutengo wakaderera uye otomatiki, nyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States neJapan dziri kugara dzichigadzirisa chimiro chechigadzirwa chezvinhu zvekubatanidza. Pakati pema1980, nyika dzakabudirira dzekunze dzaive nechikamu chinosvika 50% chehuwandu hwezvinhu zvekushongedza, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, Europe, North America, Japan mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekushongedza, chikamu chezvimiti zvekushongedza chiri pasi pe20%, kureva kuti, otomatiki iripo uye semi-automatic welding munyika dzakabudirira, zvakave nechikamu chinodarika 80% chebasa rese rekushongedza. Kubva mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekushongedza munyika dzakabudirira nenzvimbo dzakadai seUnited States, Japan neWestern Europe, kudzikiswa kwezvimiti zvekushongedza zvemaoko uye kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiita zvinhu zvekushongedza otomatiki inzira yekuvandudza isingadzivisike. Zvakakosha kugadzira nekugadzira waya yekuzvidzivirira uye inoputira mishonga munyika yedu. Kana iri waya isina mhangura yakaunzwa nevagadziri vemuno nevekunze, inofanira kunzi waya yakashongedzwa, nekuda kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekushongedza uye nzira dzekurapa pamusoro pevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana, mashandiro ewaya akasiyanawo. Maitiro akanaka ekuputira nekurapa pamusoro pechinhu haangoite basa rekudzivirira ngura nemafuta chete, asiwo haaburitse guruva remhangura panguva yekuputira, uye anogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwetambo yekuputira nekuderedza kupwanya kwesimbi. Parizvino, vagadziri vemuno nevekunze vetambo iyi yekuputira nekurapa pamusoro pechinhu vachiri kuvandudza, zvinotarisirwa kuti waya iyi nemuchina wekuputira wedhijitari we inverter welding unodzora nemazvo kuchinja kwesimbi, unogona kuwana kushanda kwakanyanya, CO2 welding yakaderera, kuti uwane yakaenzana ne flux-cored wire welding process effect, ndiyo nzira yekuvandudza ramangwana.

(3) Nzira itsva dzekushongedza, michina yekushongedza uye zvinhu zvekushongedza mune ramangwana

Kune rumwe rutivi, tinofanira kugadzira nzira itsva dzekubatanidza, michina yekubatanidza nezvinhu zvekubatanidza kuti tiwedzere kuvandudza kunaka kwekubatanidza uye kuvimbika kwekuchengetedzeka, zvakaita sekuvandudza arc iripo, plasma arc, electron beam, laser nedzimwe simba rekubatanidza, tichishandisa tekinoroji yemagetsi uye tekinoroji yekudzora kuti tivandudze mashandiro e arc, uye kugadzira nzira yakavimbika uye yakareruka yekutevera arc; Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuvandudza mwero we welding mechanization uye otomatiki, senge welding machine kuti uwane kudzora kwepurogiramu, digital control, kugadzirwa kwewelding machine yakakosha kubva mukugadzirira, welding kusvika pakudzora mhando ye process yese otomatiki, mumutsara wekugadzira welding otomatiki, kukwidziridzwa nekuwedzera kweCNC welding marobhoti nema welding marobhoti, zvinogona kuvandudza mwero wekugadzira welding, kuvandudza hutano hwewelding nemamiriro ekuchengetedza. Muzana remakore rechi21, tichitarisana nechinangwa chikuru chekuvandudza sainzi netekinoroji munyika medu, tichitarisana nemusiyano mukuru pakati petekinoroji yedu yekubatanidza nenyika dzekunze, izvo zvinoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kune vashandi vekubatanidza, saka tinofanira kushandisa sainzi netekinoroji yemazuva ano, uye kuedza kusimudzira kufambira mberi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza.

II. Maonero etekinoroji yekushongedza simbi mune ramangwana

Muna 2025, tekinoroji yekuwedera yakabatanidzwa zvizere muindasitiri ye4.0 ecology, zvichiratidza zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zve‌"Kuedza kwakangwara, kubatanidzwa kwakarurama, kuchengetedza nharaunda uye kuchengetedza nguva"‌.

‌kupinda kwakangwara‌: Kupinda kwemusika wepasi rose wemarobhoti ekushongedza maindasitiri kwakasvika 67%, uye mutengo weAI welding system wakaderera ne40%.

Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva‌: Maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuwedera anofukidza 90% yezviitiko zvekugadzira zvinhu zviri nyore.

Chinangwa checarbon chisina kwarakarerekera‌: Kupinda kwemuchina we hydrogen welding kunodarika 30%, uye simba remhepo inoburitsa kabhoni yewelding richaderedzwa ne55% zvichienzaniswa negore ra2020.

(A) Kutungamira kweruzivo rwekutanga rwe tekinoroji yekushongedza simbi mune ramangwana

Nekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuenda kunzira yepamusoro uye yakangwara, tekinoroji yekushongedza simbi iri kuunza nzira inotevera yekubudirira‌

‌1. Sisitimu yekushongedza yakangwara‌

‌Kushongedza kweAI kunochinjika‌: ‌Sisitimu yekuwedera inotungamirwa neAI‌Kuzivikanwa kweweld uye kugadzirisa ma parameter zvichibva pakudzidza kwakadzama kuti zvionekwe zvakanaka panguva chaiyo uye yambiro yekukanganisa.

· Robhoti rinochinjika rinogona kugadzirisa nzira uye simba rinopinda kuti rikwanise kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara (senge kuchinjika pamusoro pechikepe). Robhoti rinochinjika rine network yetsinga rinogona kuongorora kushanduka kwekushisa kwezvinhu panguva chaiyo uye kugadzirisa maparamita ekubatanidza (senge kuchinjika kwetitanium alloy cabin yechikepe). Mwero wekuona zvikanganiso unowedzerwa kusvika 99.5%, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza kunowedzerwa ne50%.

‌Fekitori yemapatya edhijitari‌: Tekinoroji yekufananidzira kwepamhepo inoderedza kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekubatanidza ne70% (Muenzaniso: Tesla 4680 battery pack welding process optimization). Kuenzanisa kwepamhepo kunoshandiswa kufanotaura kushanduka kwewelding uye kuderedza mutengo wekuyedza nekukanganisa. Inotsigira kudzora kwe5G kure kwemabasa enzvimbo ane njodzi huru (senge kugadzirisa chiteshi chemagetsi enyukireya).

‌2. Tekinoroji yesimba repamusoro-soro‌

Kushongedza nelaser nekukurumidza‌: Kupinza neFemtosecond laser kunoita kuti pave ne micron-level accuracy yekuisa chip packaging uye micro medical devices dzakadai se pacemaker wire welding.

Kubatanidza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neLaser-arc‌: kusanganisa laser high precision uye arc high penetration, inoshandiswa pakurongedza mabhatiri emotokari itsva ine simba.

·‌Kubatanidza vacuum nedanda remaerekitironi: kuti titanium alloy nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma zvekubatanidza zvisasvibiswe, zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvishandiso zvekurapa.

Kuvandudzwa kweCold Metal Transition (CMT)‌: Kupisa kunodzikiswa kusvika pa20% yeMIG yechinyakare, yakakodzera kusanganisa aluminium lithium alloy body welding (BMW i7 line).

‌3. Kubatanidza nzvimbo negungwa rakadzika‌

Kugadzirwa kwezvigadziko zvemwedzi zviri panzvimbo imwe chete‌: NASA inoshandisa tekinoroji yekuwelda yesimbi ye vacuum electron beam kusanganisa simbi zvakananga ne ilmenite muvhu remwedzi.

Kugadziriswa kwepombi yegungwa rakadzika‌: kudzika kwekumanikidzwa kwerobhoti rekunamira pasi pemvura kwakapfuura mamita 6,000 (CNOOC South China Sea Oil and Gas Field Project).

4. ‌kubudirira kwekuenderana kwezvinhu‌

Kubatana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana‌

· Gadzirai aruminiyamu/simbi, ceramic/simbi nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekubatanidza zvinhu kuti musimudzire dhizaini yezvivakwa zvakareruka (sekuderedza huremu hwendege).

· kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana‌

· Kubatanidza simbi ne ultrasonic plastic reinforced plastic (CFRP) ne carbon fiber, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusasimba kwakakwana kwemaitiro ekubatanidza echinyakare.

5. Kuvandudzwa kunogara kwenguva refu‌muchina wekunamira wehydrogen‌: tsiva nzira yekucheka acetylene yechinyakare, usaburitsa kabhoni zvachose. Sisitimu yekuchenesa utsi yeWelding‌: nano-filter core +AI risk control, inobata 99.9% yezvidimbu zvinokuvadza.

(3) Ruzivo rwakakosha rwe tekinoroji yekushongedza simbi mune ramangwana uye fungidziro yemusika‌

Midziyo yekushongedza yeArc, kusanganisira mawelders, magetsi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, inoita inenge hafu yemidziyo yese yekushongedza uye inotarisirwa kukura ne6%. Midziyo yekushongedza yeResistance, kusanganisira mawelders, matransformer, macontrollers nezvimwe zvinhu zvichakurawo nekukura kwakanyanya. Kushongedza kwegasi negasi zvinotarisirwa kuva nekukura kwakaderera. Mimwe michina yekushongedza, yakaita se stud welding, laser welding, friction welding, electron beam welding uye ultrasonic welding equipment ichakura nekukurumidza. Midziyo yekushongedza yeRobotic ichakura nekukura kwakanyanya, uye mwero wayo wekupinza uchawedzera zvakanyanya, nekuti welding yakawanda inogadzirwa kunze kweUnited States. Sezvo United States iriyo nyika huru pasi rose inogadzira michina yekushongedza yeWelding neCutting, kutengeswa kwemidziyo yekushongedza yeWelding neCutting kucharamba kuchisimba. Kune mhando mbiri dzesimbi dzeWelding Filler; Welding rods newaya. Huwandu hweelectrode huchaderera gore negore, nepo huwandu hwewaya, kusanganisira waya yakasimba newaya ine flux-cored, huchawedzera gore negore. Iyi itsika isingadzoreki yekukura.

Kukura kwemusika‌: Musika wepasi rose we tekinoroji yekushongedza welding uri‌mabhiriyoni mazana maviri negumi nemasere emadhora ekuAmerica‌(2025), nekukura kwegore negore kwe9.3%.

Chiyero chetekinoroji‌:

· Kushongedza neLaser: 32%

· Sisitimu yekuwedera yakangwara: 28%

· Tekinoroji yekuwedera yegirini: 25%

· Kukura kwenzvimbo‌: Dunhu reAsia-Pacific rakapa 45% yekuwedzera, uye China ndiyo yakatonga ketani yekugovera michina mitsva yemagetsi uye yekubatanidza michina ye semiconductor.

· (4) Matambudziko netarisiro ye tekinoroji yekunamira mune ramangwana

‌Dambudziko‌:

Kuvimbika kwekuwedera munzvimbo dzakanyanya (senge ma "fusion reactors" anodziya zvakanyanya).

· Kugadzika kwemaitiro ekuwelda kwenanoscale (kurongedza chip 3D).

· Chiono chegore ra2030:

· Tekinoroji yekubatanidza quantum: kushandiswa kwenheyo yekubatanidza quantum kuti pave nekubatana kwezvinhu zvine mwero weatomu.

· Kusanganisa zvinhu zvipenyu: Kutsvaga nekugadzira solder inoora inoora nekupisa kwakaderera zvichibva pama enzymes ehupenyu.

· (2) Minda yekushandisa tekinoroji yekushongedza mune ramangwana muindasitiri yekushongedza

· Mota itsva dzemagetsi

· Muchadenga

· Midziyo yekurapa

· Magadzirirwo ezvivako

· III. Pfupiso yetekinoroji yekunamira yeramangwana

· Muchidimbu, mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu zvinonakidza. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiita zvinhu, michina uye tekinoroji yekuzvishandira, tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma ichaita kuti pave nebudiriro inoshanda, yepamusoro-soro uye ine hungwaru. Izvi zvichapa mikana yakawanda nematambudziko ekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu. Zvisinei, tinofanirawo kutsvaga zvakadzama nekutsvaga, uye kugara tichikurudzira kuvandudzwa uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa nemusika zviri kuchinja. Nekugara tichitevera hunyanzvi nebudiriro, tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu inogona kuita basa rakakosha mumunda weindasitiri wemangwana. Tekinoroji yekubatanidza zvinhu yadarika miganhu yekugadzira zvinhu zvechinyakare uye yava nzvimbo huru yekuvandudza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mumakore gumi anotevera, kubatanidzwa kwayo nehuchenjeri hwekugadzira, quantum computing, uye bioengineering kuchachinja mamiriro emakwikwi ekugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro pasi rose.