Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika muKushongedza kweAluminium Alloy Laser
Kungave laser autogenous welding kanawelding yemhando yehybrid ye laser-arcinoshandiswa pakugadzira aruminiyamu, pane zvimwe zvinetso zvehunyanzvi zvakajairika, kureva kuti, zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika kana ma process parameters nemamiriro ekuwelding ari metallurgic.zvisina kukodzera.Zvikanganiso zviri mumajoini ealuminium alloy zvinonyanya kusanganisira mhando mbiri: weld porosity uye welding hot cracks. Pamusoro pekuora uye hot cracks, zvikanganiso zvakaita sekudonha pasi uye kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemashure zviripowo mu laser welding yealuminium alloys. Zvichienzaniswa nekuora kweweld, mukana wekupwanyika kwewelding (unoonekwa nemaziso asina kana pasi pekukwidziridzwa kwakaderera) hausi wepamusoro. Zvisinei, nekuti cracks dzine njodzi, JIS Z 3105 inotaura kuti kana cracks dzaonekwa mu weld, weld inofanira kutongwa seClass IV. Kuora pasi, kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemashure nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvinonyanya kukonzera zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvinokonzerwa nekudzora kumhanya kusina kunaka kana parameters dzemaitiro asina kuenderana. Zvikanganiso zvakadaro zvinowanzoonekwa padanho rekuongorora nekugadzirisa maitiro, uye hazviwanzoitika mumabasa chaiwo ekugadzira. Naizvozvo, porosity imhando yezvikanganiso zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya mu laser welding yealuminium alloys uye mukushandira zvivakwa zvakasungirirwa, uye zvakaoma kubvisa zvachose.
1. Kuboora kwemuviri
Kuboorwa kwevhu (porosity) ndiyo dambudziko guru uye rinonyanya kuitika muhuwandu hwevhu (volume defect)kukwesha aruminiyamu ne laser, ine saizi dzinotangira pamazana ema microns kusvika kumamirimita akati wandei. Maitiro ekuumbwa kwayo haasati anyatsojeka. Kuboora hakungonetesi chikamu chinoshanda che weld chete, asiwo kunokonzera kushushikana, zvichideredza simba rinoshanduka uye kuneta kwejointi yakasungirirwa.
Kana aruminiyamu yanyunguduka munzvimbo ine hydrogen, huwandu hwayo hwemukati hwehydrogen hunogona kusvika pa0.69 ml/100g, asi mushure mekunge aruminiyamu yaoma, kunyungudika kwayo kwehydrogen mu equilibrium kunosvika 0.036 ml/100g. Kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti panguva yekutonhodza kwe laser welding, kunyungudika kwehydrogen kunodonha zvakanyanya, uye mvura ye supersaturated hydrogen inoumba hydrogen porosity. Kubuda kwe low-melting-point uye high-vapor-pressure alloying elements kunogonawo kutungamira ku porosity, iyo inonzi metallurgical porosity. Pamusoro pezvo, kukanganiswa kwe laser beam uye kusagadzikana kwe keyhole zvinogonawo kugadzira porosity, asi porosity yakadaro ine chimiro chisina kurongeka uye inogona kunzi process-induced porosity. Nekuda kwekushanda kwakawanda kwemakemikari e aluminium alloys, oxide film inogadzirwa nyore nyore pamusoro. Panguva ye welding, mvura yekristaro nemvura yakabatana inoora kubva ku oxide film pamusoro pe aluminium alloy, pamwe chete nehunyoro mumhepo negasi rinodzivirira, zvinoora zvakananga kuti zvigadzire hydrogen munzvimbo inodziya zvakanyanya pasi pesimba re laser. Magasi aya ehydrogen anogona kudonha panguva yekutonhodza nekusimba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kuti rigadzire mabubble kana kugadzira mabubble zvakananga pafirimu re oxide risina kunyungudutswa zvakakwana. Nekuda kwesimba rakaderera re alloys dzealuminium, kumhanya kwe mabubble mudziva rakanyungudutswa kunononoka. Pamusoro pezvo, alloys dzealuminium dzine conductivity yakasimba yekupisa, uye kumhanya kwekutonhodza nekusimba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kunokurumidza zvikuru. Mamwe mabubble haagone kubuda nekufamba kwenguva uye kuramba ari mu weld, nokudaro achigadzira metallurgical porosity. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti gasi guru riri mu porosity ye alloy welds dzealuminium ihydrogen, saka porosity mu alloy welds dzealuminium dzimwe nguva inonzi hydrogen porosity. Pakutarisa kuputsika kwe porosity pasi pe scanning electron microscope, porosity inowanzopa chimiro chespherical ne dendrite magumo akarongwa zvakanaka emakristaro e dendritic, uye rusvingo rwemukati rwakatsetseka, rwakachena uye rusina oxidation traces. Kuvapo kwe porosity hakungoderedzi kusimba kwe weld nekukwanisa kwe bearing kwejoin, asiwo kunoderedza simba uye plasticity yejoin kusvika padanho rakasiyana.
2. Matsemuka Anopisa
Matanda anopisa (kusanganisira matanda akasimba uye matanda emvura) anoumbwa panguva yekusimba kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye ndeimwe yemhando dzakajairika dzekukanganisa mukusveta kwearuminiyamu nelaser. Chinhu chinonyanya kuoneka chechimiro chekutyoka kwematanda emvura ndechekuti nzvimbo yekutyoka inoumbwa nenzvimbo yakakura yematombo akatsetseka asi asina kuenzana kana zvivakwa zvakafanana nembatatisi, uye pamusoro payo kazhinji pane eutectics yakadzika-kunyunguduka pakati pegranular kana mafold e liquid film, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvekutyoka kwedendrites. Maitiro ekutyoka kwematanda emvura akafanana neaya ematanda emvura, asi ane hunhu hwekutyoka kwepakati pegranular kana kutyoka kwemvura. Mukutyoka kwekuneta kwemajoini akasungirirwa ne fusion pasi pekuneta, masosi ekutyoka anokonzerwa nematanda akadaro anopisa anowanzoonekwawo. Zvikonzero zvekutyoka kwemvura musveta yearuminiyamu nelaser zvine chekuita nehunhu hwazvo uye maitiro ekusveta. Aruminiyamu ine mwero mukuru wekudonha panguva yekusimba (kusvika ku5%), zvichikonzera kushushikana kukuru kwewelding uye deformation; Pamusoro pezvo, maumbirwo eutectic ane nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka anoumbwa pamwe chete nemiganhu yezviyo panguva yekusimba kwesimbi yeweld, izvo zvinoderedza simba rekubatanidza miganhu yezviyo, nokudaro zvichigadzira zvidimbu zvinopisa pasi pesimba rekumanikidzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, magadzirirwo ekuputika mu welding yearuminiyamu ne laser anogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera: zvidimbu zvepakati pe weld; zvidimbu zve weld fusion line; zvidimbu zvepakati pegranular mu welds; zvidimbu zve liquation yenzvimbo inokanganiswa nekupisa; zvidimbu zvinokonzerwa nema oxide films; uye zvidimbu zvepakati pegranular.
Pamusoro pezvo, dziviriro isina kunaka panguva yekusanganisa zvinhu inoita kuti simbi inosanganisa zvinhu izvi iite magasi ari mumhepo, uye zvinhu zvinosanganiswa zvinogonawo kuva maburi ekutsemuka. Rudzi uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa zvinhu zvine simba guru pakupisa kutsemuka panguva yekusanganisa zvinhu zvine aluminum alloy. Kazhinji, Al-Si neAl-Mn series aluminum alloys dzine weldability yakanaka uye hazvisi nyore kugadzira cracks dzinopisa; nepo Al-Mg, Al-Cu neAl-Zn series aluminum alloys dzine kupisa kwakanyanya. Kutsemuka kunogona kuderedzwa nekugadzirisa maparamita ekugadzirisa welding kuti utonge kupisa nekutonhodza. Kazhinji, kupisa kutsemuka kwe laser-arc hybrid welding kuri nani pane kwe laser filler wire welding, uye kupisa kutsemuka kwe laser filler wire welding kuri nani pane kwe laser autogenous welding.
3. Kuchekwa Kwepasi uye Kupiswa-Kuburikidza
Ma alloy e aluminium ane simba shoma re ionization, uye plasma inokonzerwa ne photo-induced inowanzo pisa uye kuwedzera panguva ye welding, zvichikonzera maitiro e welding asina kugadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, ma alloy e liquid aluminium ane kuyerera kwakanaka uye kusimba kwepasi kwakaderera. Kuti zvivandudze kupinda, gasi rekudzivirira rakakura uye simba re laser rinobuda zvinowanzodiwa, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwe welding, zvichiita kuti dziva rakanyungudutswa rishanduke zvine simba pasi pekumanikidzwa uye zviri nyore kutungamira kune zvikanganiso zvakaita sekuchekwa pasi uye kupiswa. Kuumbwa kwemashure kwema plates e aluminium alloy e laser-welded kunogona kuvandudzwa zvinobudirira nekuisa plate yemhangura inotonhodzwa nemvura kumashure kwe weld.
4. Kubatanidzwa kweSlag
Imwe mhando yezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika mukunamira kwemotokari ndeyekunamira kwesimbi yesimbi. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kusanganiswa kwesimbi yesimbi kunonyanya kubva kuma oxides ari pamusoro pesimbi yesimbi yesimbi uye waya dzesimbi yesimbi, pamwe nemaitiro asina kugadzikana mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi yesimbi yesimbi yesimbi. Saka, vagadziri vesimbi yesimbi yesimbi yesimbi yesimbi yesimbi vanofanira kusimbisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu uye kuvandudza maitiro ekukanda zvinhu kuti vaderedze huwandu hwetsvina nehydrogen muzvinhu zvakabikwa uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemhando yezvigadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-05-2025
