Laser additive kugadzira (AM) tekinoroji, ine mabhenefiti ekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, kuchinjika kwakasimba, uye dhigirii repamusoro re automation, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvakakosha muminda yakaita semotokari, zvekurapa, ndege, nezvimwe (senge roketi. mabhureki emafuta, mabhuraketi eantenna setiraiti, maimplants evanhu, nezvimwewo). Iyi tekinoroji inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kusanganisa kuita kwezvikamu zvakadhindwa kuburikidza neyakasanganiswa kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chimiro uye kuita. Parizvino, laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji inowanzo tora yakatariswa Gaussian danda ine yakakwira nzvimbo uye yakaderera kumucheto simba kugovera. Nekudaro, inowanzo gadzira yakakwira yekupisa yekunyungudika, zvichitungamira kunotevera kuumbwa kwepores uye coarse zviyo. Beam kuumba tekinoroji inzira nyowani yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri, iyo inovandudza kudhinda kushanda uye kunaka nekugadzirisa kugovera kwelaser beam simba.
Kuenzaniswa nekubvisa kwechinyakare uye kwakafanana kugadzira, simbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji ine zvakanakira senge ipfupi yekugadzira kutenderera nguva, yakanyanya kurongeka, chiyero chekushandiswa kwezvinhu, uye kuita kwakanaka kwese kwezvikamu. Naizvozvo, simbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai seaerospace, zvombo nemidziyo, simba renyukireya, biopharmaceuticals, uye mota. Zvichienderana nemusimboti we discrete stacking, simbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira inoshandisa simba sosi (senge laser, arc, kana elekitironi danda) kunyungudutsa hupfu kana waya, uye yobva yarongedza iwo akaturikidzana ne layer kugadzira icho chinonangwa chikamu. Iyi tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti akakosha mukugadzira mabheti madiki, zvimiro zvakaomarara, kana zvikamu zvemunhu. Zvishandiso zvisingakwanisi kana kuti zvakaoma kugadzirisa uchishandisa maitiro echinyakare zvakakodzerawo kugadzirira uchishandisa nzira dzekuwedzera dzekugadzira. Nekuda kwemabhenefiti ari pamusoro, tekinoroji yekugadzira yekuwedzera yakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira kubva kunyanzvi mukati mekunze nekunze. Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, tekinoroji yekugadzira yekuwedzera yakafambira mberi nekukurumidza. Nekuda kweiyo otomatiki uye kuchinjika kwelaser yekuwedzera yekugadzira michina, pamwe neyakakwana mabhenefiti epamusoro laser simba density uye yakakwirira kugadzirisa iko, laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji yakagadzira inokurumidza pakati peatatu simbi yekuwedzera tekinoroji yekugadzira yataurwa pamusoro.
Laser simbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji inogona kukamurwazve kuita LPBF uye DED. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza yakajairika dhizaini yeLPBF uye DED maitiro. Iyo LPBF maitiro, anozivikanwawo seSelective Laser Melting (SLM), anogona kugadzira masimbi akaomarara nekutarisa-high-energy laser matanda munzira yakagadziriswa pamusoro pemubhedha wehupfu. Zvadaro, hupfu hunonyunguduka uye hunoomesa layer ne layer. Iyo DED maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira maviri ekudhinda maitiro: laser melting deposition uye laser waya yekudyisa yekuwedzera kugadzira. Ese ari maviri matekinoroji anogona kugadzira nekugadzirisa zvakananga zvikamu zvesimbi nekudyisa simbi hupfu kana waya. Kuenzaniswa neLPBF, DED ine kugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye nzvimbo yakakura yekugadzira. Uye zvakare, iyi nzira inogona zvakare kugadzirira zviri nyore zvinhu zvinosanganiswa uye zvinoshanda giredhi zvinhu. Nekudaro, iyo yepamusoro mhando yezvikamu zvakadhindwa neDED inogara yakashata, uye kunotevera kugadzirisa kunodiwa kuti uvandudze kurongeka kwechikamu chechinangwa.
Mune yazvino laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira maitiro, iyo yakatarisana neGaussian danda kazhinji ndiyo sosi yesimba. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika simba rekugovera (yakakwirira pakati, yakaderera kumucheto), inogona kukonzera yakakwira yekupisa gradient uye kusagadzikana kwedziva rekunyungudika. Zvichikonzera kusaumbwa zvakanaka kwezvikamu zvakadhindwa. Uyezve, kana tembiricha yepakati yedziva yakanyungudutswa yakanyanyisa, ichaita kuti simbi inonyungudika inyunguduke, zvichiwedzera kusagadzikana kwemaitiro eLBPF. Nokudaro, nekuwedzera kweporosity, maitiro emagetsi uye hupenyu hwekuneta kwezvikamu zvakadhindwa zvakanyanya kuderedzwa. Iko kusaenzana kwesimba kugovera kweGaussian matanda zvakare kunotungamira kune yakaderera laser simba rekushandisa kushanda zvakanaka uye yakawandisa simba tsvina. Kuti vakwanise kudhindisa zvirinani mhando, nyanzvi dzakatanga kuongorora kubhadharira hurema hweGaussian matanda nekugadzirisa maparamita akadai sesimba relaser, kumhanya kwekuongorora, ukobvu hwehupfu, uye nzira yekuongorora, kuitira kudzora mukana wekuisa simba. Nekuda kwehwindo rakatetepa kwazvo rekugadzirisa nzira iyi, zvakagadziriswa zvipimo zvemuviri zvinodzikamisa mukana wekuwedzera optimization. Semuyenzaniso, kuwedzera laser simba uye scanning kumhanya kunogona kuwana yakakwirira kugadzira kunyatsoshanda, asi kazhinji kunouya nemubhadharo wekupira mhando yekudhinda. Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandura kugoverwa kwesimba relaser kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuumba danda kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzira uye kudhinda mhando, iyo inogona kuve yeramangwana danho rekuvandudza laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji. Beam kuumba tekinoroji kazhinji inoreva kugadzirisa kugoverwa kwewavefront kwedanda rekuisa kuti uwane inodiwa kusimba kwekugovera uye kuparadzira maitiro. Iko kushandiswa kwebeam kuumba tekinoroji musimbi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
Kushandiswa kwebeam kuumba tekinoroji mukugadzira laser yekuwedzera
Izvo zvinokanganisa zvechinyakare Gaussian danda kudhinda
Mune simbi laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji, kugovera kwesimba kwelaser beam kune zvakakosha pamhando yezvikamu zvakadhindwa. Kunyangwe matanda eGaussian ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya musimbi laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira michina, ivo vanotambura kubva kune zvakakomba zvimhingamupinyi zvakaita sekusagadzikana kwemhando yekudhinda, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, uye nhete mahwindo ekuita mukuwedzera kwekugadzira maitiro. Pakati pavo, kunyunguduka kwehupfu uye simba redziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yesimbi laser additive process yakanyatsoenderana nehupamhi hwehupfu hwehupfu. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwehupfu hunopfapfaidza uye nzvimbo dzekukukurwa kwevhu, ukobvu chaihwo hwehupfu hwehupfu hwakakwira kupfuura tarisiro yedzidziso. Kechipiri, iyo mbiru yeutsi yakakonzera huru yekudzokera kumashure kwejeti. Iyo mhute yesimbi inodhumhana nemadziro ekumashure kuti iite splashes, iyo inopfapfaidzwa ichitevedza madziro emberi perpendicular kune concave nzvimbo yedziva rakanyungudutswa (sezvinoratidzwa muFigure 3). Nekuda kwekudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pelaser beam uye splashes, iyo ejected splashes inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwekudhinda kweanotevera hupfu. Mukuwedzera, kuumbwa kwemakiyi mumudziyo wekunyunguduka kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwezvikamu zvakadhindwa. Mapores emukati echidimbu chakadhindwa anonyanya kukonzerwa nemakomba asina kugadzikana ekuvhara.
Iyo yekugadzira michina yekukanganisa mune danda rekugadzira tekinoroji
Beam shaping tekinoroji inogona kuwana kuvandudzwa kwekuita mumiyero yakawanda panguva imwe chete, iyo yakasiyana neGaussian matanda inovandudza mashandiro mune imwe chiyero pamutengo wekupira mamwe mativi. Beam kuumba tekinoroji inogona kunyatso gadzirisa kugovera tembiricha uye kuyerera maitiro edziva rekunyungudika. Nekudzora kugoverwa kwesimba relaser, dziva rakanyungudutswa rakagadzikana rine tembiricha gradient inowanikwa. Yakakodzera laser simba kugovera kunobatsira kudzvanya porosity uye sputtering hurema, uye kuvandudza mhando yelaser kudhinda pane simbi zvikamu. Inogona kuwana kuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwehupfu. Panguva imwecheteyo, tekinoroji yekuumba tekinoroji inotipa mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa, kusunungura zvakanyanya rusununguko rwekugadzira dhizaini, inova shanduko yekufambira mberi mune laser yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-28-2024
